Capital gains tax by country — headline rates
Cross-country comparison of headline capital gains tax rates. Draft-status country pages are excluded until figures are cross-checked.
See the full 65-country comparison table →
| Rank | Country | Headline rate | Composition |
|---|---|---|---|
| #1 | Norway | 37.84% / 22% | Share gains at the grossed-up 37.84%; other gains (property, bonds) at 22%; homes exempt after 1 year of owner-occupation. |
| #2 | Ireland | 33% | Flat 33% on most gains; entrepreneurs get 10% on a €1.5m lifetime limit; the annual exemption is a modest €1,270. |
| #3 | France | 31.4% / 36.2% | Shares: 31.4% flat. Property: 19% + 17.2% social = 36.2%, melting away with holding time — income-tax-free after 22 years, fully free after 30. |
| 4 | Finland | 30% / 34% | Capital income rates with a €30,000 break point; homes exempt after 2 years' own use; a presumptive 20%/40% cost floor helps long-held assets. |
| 5 | Sweden | 30% / 22% | Flat 30% on securities gains; home sales at an effective 22% (22/30 of the gain taxed) with deferral on replacement purchases. |
| 6 | Portugal | 28% | 28% flat on shares; property gains are half-included at progressive rates; long-held listed securities get taper relief. |
| 7 | Austria | 27.5% / 30% | Financial assets: flat 27.5% regardless of holding period. Real estate: flat 30%, with the main home and self-built houses exempt. |
| 8 | Canada | ≈ 24 – 27% | Half of each gain is taxed at your marginal rate — effectively 22–27% at the top by province — with homes exempt and a CAD 1.25M lifetime exemption for business and farm assets. |
| 9 | Denmark | 27% / 42% | Share gains at 27%/42%; your own home fully exempt; other property gains taxed as capital income (~37–42%). |
| 10 | Germany | 26.375% | Shares: flat 26.375% regardless of holding period. Property: taxable within 10 years, tax-free after (or as your own home). |
| 11 | Italy | 26% | 26% flat on shares and financial assets; property gains join your income at band rates but go tax-free after 5 years of ownership. |
| 12 | Latvia | 25.5% | One flat 25.5% on gains from shares, property, funds and crypto — with a 5-year-plus-residence exemption for your home. |
| 13 | Slovenia | 25% → 0% | 25% falling to 20% after 5 years, 15% after 10 and zero after 15; your home is exempt after 3 years' residence. |
| 14 | United Kingdom | 24% | 18% within the basic band, 24% above; £3,000 annual exemption; main home fully exempt; entrepreneurs pay 18% on £1m lifetime gains. |
| 15 | Estonia | 22% | Gains join ordinary income at the flat 22% — with your home exempt, and full deferral available through the investment account. |
| 16 | Japan | 20.315% / 39.63% | Shares always 20.315%; property 20.315% after 5 years' ownership but 39.63% within it — with a JPY 30 million deduction on selling your home. |
| 17 | Poland | 19% | Flat 19% on securities gains and on property sold within 5 years — property held longer, or gains reinvested in your own home, escape entirely. |
| 18 | Spain | 19% – 30% | Gains join the savings scale (19%–30%); generous exemptions for main-home reinvestment and sellers aged 65+. |
| 19 | South Africa | 18% max effective | No separate gains schedule: 40% of your net gain joins ordinary income, so the 45% top rate becomes 18% effective. |
| 20 | Argentina | 15% / 0% | Financial gains pay a flat 15%; from 1 January 2026 resident individuals' real-estate sale gains are exempt (pre-2018 purchases keep the 1.5% transfer tax), and exchange-listed local shares, government bonds and your own home were already exempt. |
| 21 | Colombia | 15% | A flat 15% on gains from fixed assets held 2 years or more; quicker sales fall into ordinary income at up to 39%, and lottery wins pay 20%. |
| 22 | Costa Rica | 15% | A flat 15% on gains from Costa Rican assets and on rental income — with habitual dealing taxed as business income instead, and foreign gains untaxed. |
| 23 | Greece | 15% | Flat 15% on securities — and 0% on real estate in practice, because the property gains tax is frozen through 2026. |
| 24 | Hungary | 15% | Flat 15% on gains — with property tax-free after 5 years, exchange-traded gains free of social tax, and a 5-year account wrapper that eliminates tax entirely. |
| 25 | Lithuania | 15% / 32% | Gains pay 15% up to the 12-average-wage line (EUR 27,745.80 of combined non-employment income), then the 20/25/32% scale — 5-year-held shares stay at 15% throughout, and property exemptions shortened to 5 years in 2026. |
| 26 | Montenegro | 15% | Gains on property, shares and participation rights pay a flat 15% by assessment — with the main home, marriage-related transfers and first-degree family gifts exempt. |
| 27 | Philippines | 15% / 6% / 0.1% | Unlisted shares pay 15% on the gain, real property a 6% final tax on the price, and listed shares just a 0.1% transaction tax. |
| 28 | Croatia | 12% / 0% | Financial gains pay a flat 12% — but only if sold within 2 years; property gains pay 24% with their own 2-year exemption. |
| 29 | Uruguay | 12% | A flat 12% on gains from Uruguayan property and securities — and from 2026 on most foreign gains too (Law 20.446) — with the home sale, government bonds and small transactions exempt. |
| 30 | Andorra | 10% | Financial gains are savings income at 10% with wide exemptions — small stakes and 10-year holdings pay nothing. Property has its own holding-period ladder. |
| 31 | Belgium | 10% | New from 2026: 10% on financial-asset gains above €10,000 a year, with pre-2026 value permanently exempt; property keeps its old holding-period rules. |
| 32 | Chile | 10% / 0–40% | Actively traded listed shares pay a flat 10%; property gains enjoy a lifetime 8,000-unit exemption with a 10% election on the excess; the rest rides the scale. |
| 33 | El Salvador | 10% | Non-habitual gains after a 12-month hold pay a flat 10%; property held over 6 years and exchange-traded securities are exempt. |
| 34 | Mexico | 10% / 35% | Stock-exchange gains pay a flat, final 10%; other gains join the progressive scale with inflation-adjusted cost — and home sales are exempt to about MXN 6.07 million. |
| 35 | Panama | 10% | A flat 10% on gains from property, shares and movable assets — collected through small withholdings on the price that sellers can elect as final. |
| 36 | Peru | 5% effective | Gains on securities and property pay 6.25% on 80% of the gain — an effective 5% — with the main home fully exempt. |
| 37 | Romania | 3% / 6% / 16% | Broker-withheld share gains pay 3% (held 365+ days) or 6%; everything outside intermediaries — including financial gold — pays 16%; property pays a 1–3% price-based transfer tax instead. |
| 38 | Indonesia | 0.1% – 35% | Gains join ordinary income at 5-35%, but the assets most people sell carry final taxes instead: 0.1% on listed shares and 2.5% on property, both on the sale price. |
| 39 | Vietnam | 0.1% / 2% / 20% | Vietnam taxes the sale price, not the gain: 0.1% on securities, 2% on real estate — while contributed-capital stakes pay 20% on the actual gain. |
| 40 | Bahrain | 0% | No capital gains tax for individuals on any asset — shares, funds, property or crypto. Property changes hands with a registration fee instead. |
| 41 | Belize | 0% | Belize has no capital gains tax — gains on property, shares and other assets are simply not taxed. |
| 42 | Bulgaria | 0% / 10% | Listed-share gains on European exchanges are exempt; other gains join the 10% flat tax with fixed deductions and generous property exemptions. |
| 43 | Cyprus | 0% / 20% | No tax on securities or foreign assets; a separate 20% tax hits only Cyprus real estate and unlisted shares in companies holding it. |
| 44 | Czech Republic | 0% / 15–23% | Gains are ordinary income at 15/23% — but 3-year-held securities (uncapped from 2026), small annual sales and long-held property are exempt. |
| 45 | Ecuador | 0% / 0–37% | Occasional property sales (up to two a year) are exempt; other gains join business or scale taxation, with a USD 20,000 exemption for exchange-traded shares. |
| 46 | Georgia | 0% – 20% | No separate gains tax — Georgian-source gains join income at the flat 20%, with a 5% rate or full exemption for property and vehicles depending on holding period. |
| 47 | Hong Kong | 0% | No capital gains tax exists — only profits from speculative 'adventures in the nature of trade' can be caught by profits tax (7.5% on the first HKD 2 million for unincorporated businesses, 15% above). |
| 48 | Luxembourg | 0% after 6 months | Private gains on shares are exempt after 6 months (unless the stake exceeds 10%); quick flips at full rates; long-held property at half your average rate. |
| 49 | Malaysia | 0% | Individuals pay no capital gains tax on shares or funds; only real property (and shares in property-rich companies) is taxed, at 0-30% by holding period. |
| 50 | Malta | 0% – 35% | Gains on a defined list of assets are taxed as ordinary income up to 35%; property sales instead pay a flat 8% on the price, and listed shares are exempt. |
| 51 | Mauritius | 0% | Mauritius has no capital gains tax — investment gains on shares, funds and property are untaxed; only dealing as a business is taxed, as income. |
| 52 | Monaco | 0% | No capital gains tax for individuals on any asset; property transfers carry registration duties instead. |
| 53 | Netherlands | 0% / 24.5% – 31% | No tax on realised private gains — Box 3 taxes holdings instead; gains on 5%+ stakes pay Box 2 rates. |
| 54 | New Zealand | 0% | No general capital gains tax — the exceptions are land bought for resale and residential property sold within the 2-year bright-line window. |
| 55 | Qatar | 0% | Personal capital gains are exempt — real estate, securities and listed shares alike; only gains inside a business are taxed at 10%. |
| 56 | Saudi Arabia | 0% | Personal capital gains are untaxed; non-residents' gains on unlisted Saudi shares pay 20%, with exchange-traded securities exempt. |
| 57 | Singapore | 0% | No capital gains tax at all; only gains from dealing as a business are taxed, as income. |
| 58 | Slovakia | 0% / 19% | Listed securities held over a year sell tax-free; other share gains pay a flat 19%; property is exempt after 5 years. |
| 59 | South Korea | 0% / 20–25% / scale | Minority listed-share investors pay nothing; large shareholders pay 20–25% (30% short-term); real estate runs the global scale with punitive 40–50% short-term rates. |
| 60 | Switzerland | 0% | Private gains on movable assets are tax-free; property gains pay a separate cantonal tax that shrinks with holding period. |
| 61 | Thailand | 0% / 0–35% | No separate capital gains tax — gains join ordinary income at 0-35%, but gains on Thai-listed shares and mutual-fund units are exempt. |
| 62 | Turkey | 0% / 10% / scale | Time is the tax planner: property exempt after 5 years, quoted shares after 1 year, unquoted resident shares after 2 — with a 10% withholding on bond and instrument gains. |
| 63 | United Arab Emirates | 0% | No capital gains tax for individuals on any asset; property transfers carry a 2–4% registration fee instead. |
| 64 | United States | 0% / 15% / 20% | Long-term gains (assets held over 1 year) at 0/15/20% plus the 3.8% surtax; short-term gains at ordinary rates up to 37%. |
| 65 | Australia | Marginal rates, half base | Net gains join income at marginal rates, but a 50% discount applies after 12 months — an effective top rate of about 23.5% on long-held assets. |
Headline rates only. Effective burdens depend on brackets, allowances, surcharges, residency and regime elections — see each country guide for detail. Updated 2026-07-11.