Capital gains tax by country compared (2026)

Headline CGT rates side-by-side, with holding-period rules, participation exemptions and separate CGT regimes.

See the ranked capital gains tax league table

#	Country	Capital gains tax	Composition	Entry band	Top rate	Regime flag
1	Norway	37.84% / 22%	Share gains at the grossed-up 37.84%; other gains (property, bonds) at 22%; homes exempt after 1 year of owner-occupation.	0% — owner-occupied homes and private movables	37.84% (shares); 22% (other assets)	Exit tax above NOK 3 million of deemed gains
2	Ireland	33%	Flat 33% on most gains; entrepreneurs get 10% on a €1.5m lifetime limit; the annual exemption is a modest €1,270.	First €1,270 of gains each year is exempt	33% flat (40% for some offshore products; development land)	Entrepreneurs' relief: 10% on €1.5m lifetime gains
3	France	31.4% / 36.2%	Shares: 31.4% flat. Property: 19% + 17.2% social = 36.2%, melting away with holding time — income-tax-free after 22 years, fully free after 30.	0% — main residence, and property sales under €15,000	36.2% (property, before taper); 31.4% (securities)	Retiring small-company directors: €500,000 off the taxable gain
4	Finland	30% / 34%	Capital income rates with a €30,000 break point; homes exempt after 2 years' own use; a presumptive 20%/40% cost floor helps long-held assets.	0% — homes after 2 years' occupation; disposals under €1,000/year	34% (capital income above €30,000)	No exit tax — limited 5-year share-exchange rule only
5	Sweden	30% / 22%	Flat 30% on securities gains; home sales at an effective 22% (22/30 of the gain taxed) with deferral on replacement purchases.	0% inside an ISK; SEK 50,000 yearly threshold for personal-use assets	30% (securities); 22% effective (dwellings)	No exit tax — but the 10-year rule follows leavers
6	Portugal	28%	28% flat on shares; property gains are half-included at progressive rates; long-held listed securities get taper relief.	Property: 50% of the gain at your band rates	28% flat (shares and securities)	Main-home sale can be fully exempt on reinvestment
7	Austria	27.5% / 30%	Financial assets: flat 27.5% regardless of holding period. Real estate: flat 30%, with the main home and self-built houses exempt.	0% — main residence and self-built homes	30% (real estate); 27.5% (financial assets)	Exit tax on unrealised gains when moving away
8	Canada	≈ 24 – 27%	Half of each gain is taxed at your marginal rate — effectively 22–27% at the top by province — with homes exempt and a CAD 1.25M lifetime exemption for business and farm assets.	Gains below personal credits effectively free	Half the combined marginal rate — roughly 22% to 27.4%	Principal residence: exempt; 12-month flips taxed as business income
9	Denmark	27% / 42%	Share gains at 27%/42%; your own home fully exempt; other property gains taxed as capital income (~37–42%).	0% — owner-occupied homes	42% (shares above DKK 79,400; capital income at the ceiling)	Exit tax on unrealised gains after 7+ years' residence
10	Germany	26.375%	Shares: flat 26.375% regardless of holding period. Property: taxable within 10 years, tax-free after (or as your own home).	€1,000 threshold for private-sale gains; €1,000 saver's allowance for securities	26.375% (shares); up to 45% (property sold within 10 years)	Property tax-free after 10 years or as owner-occupied home
11	Italy	26%	26% flat on shares and financial assets; property gains join your income at band rates but go tax-free after 5 years of ownership.	Property within 5 years: your band rates (23%–43%)	26% flat (financial assets)	Main home fully exempt; most property exempt after 5 years
12	Latvia	25.5%	One flat 25.5% on gains from shares, property, funds and crypto — with a 5-year-plus-residence exemption for your home.	25.5% from the first euro of gain	25.5% flat (was 20% before 2025)	EEA government bonds: gains exempt
13	Slovenia	25% → 0%	25% falling to 20% after 5 years, 15% after 10 and zero after 15; your home is exempt after 3 years' residence.	0% after 15 years of holding	40% (derivatives held under 1 year); otherwise 25%	Main home exempt after 3 years of occupation
14	United Kingdom	24%	18% within the basic band, 24% above; £3,000 annual exemption; main home fully exempt; entrepreneurs pay 18% on £1m lifetime gains.	£3,000 of gains a year tax-free	24%	Main residence: fully exempt
15	Estonia	22%	Gains join ordinary income at the flat 22% — with your home exempt, and full deferral available through the investment account.	22% above the basic exemption	22%	Own dwelling exempt (once per 2 years); investment-account deferral
16	Japan	20.315% / 39.63%	Shares always 20.315%; property 20.315% after 5 years' ownership but 39.63% within it — with a JPY 30 million deduction on selling your home.	0% within a Nippon Individual Savings Account (NISA); JPY 30m home-sale deduction	39.63% (property held under 5 years)	Homes owned over 10 years: 14.21% up to JPY 60 million of gain
17	Poland	19%	Flat 19% on securities gains and on property sold within 5 years — property held longer, or gains reinvested in your own home, escape entirely.	19% from the first zloty of gain	19% flat	Private property sales tax-free after 5 calendar years of ownership
18	Spain	19% – 30%	Gains join the savings scale (19%–30%); generous exemptions for main-home reinvestment and sellers aged 65+.	19% on the first €6,000	30% above €300,000 of savings income	Main-home rollover relief; age-65 exemptions
19	South Africa	18% max effective	No separate gains schedule: 40% of your net gain joins ordinary income, so the 45% top rate becomes 18% effective.	First ZAR 50,000 of yearly gains excluded	18% effective (45% marginal rate on a 40% inclusion)	ZAR 3 million primary-residence exclusion
20	Argentina	15% / 0%	Financial gains pay a flat 15%; from 1 January 2026 resident individuals' real-estate sale gains are exempt (pre-2018 purchases keep the 1.5% transfer tax), and exchange-listed local shares, government bonds and your own home were already exempt.	0% on listed local shares, public bonds and the family home	15% flat on financial gains (resident property sales exempt from 2026)	Pre-2018 property: 1.5% transfer tax instead of income tax
21	Colombia	15%	A flat 15% on gains from fixed assets held 2 years or more; quicker sales fall into ordinary income at up to 39%, and lottery wins pay 20%.	20% on lotteries and prizes	15% (2+ years); 0-39% under 2 years	Small listed-share sales are entirely tax-free
22	Costa Rica	15%	A flat 15% on gains from Costa Rican assets and on rental income — with habitual dealing taxed as business income instead, and foreign gains untaxed.	0% on foreign-asset gains	15% flat (0-25% if habitual dealing)	Habitual-home sales exempt (per published summaries)
23	Greece	15%	Flat 15% on securities — and 0% on real estate in practice, because the property gains tax is frozen through 2026.	0% for listed-share sellers holding under 0.5% of the company	15% flat	Property gains tax suspended through 31 December 2026
24	Hungary	15%	Flat 15% on gains — with property tax-free after 5 years, exchange-traded gains free of social tax, and a 5-year account wrapper that eliminates tax entirely.	15% from the first forint	15% (28% with social tax for off-market share gains below the cap)	Property fully exempt after 5 years; TBSZ account gains exempt after 5 years
25	Lithuania	15% / 32%	Gains pay 15% up to the 12-average-wage line (EUR 27,745.80 of combined non-employment income), then the 20/25/32% scale — 5-year-held shares stay at 15% throughout, and property exemptions shortened to 5 years in 2026.	EUR 500 tax-free for financial-instrument gains; EUR 2,500 for other property	32% (within the scale, above the passive gate)	Shares held 5+ years: flat 15% regardless of amount
26	Montenegro	15%	Gains on property, shares and participation rights pay a flat 15% by assessment — with the main home, marriage-related transfers and first-degree family gifts exempt.	0% on the main residence	15% flat	Anti-abuse: undervalued share sales re-priced to market by the tax office
27	Philippines	15% / 6% / 0.1%	Unlisted shares pay 15% on the gain, real property a 6% final tax on the price, and listed shares just a 0.1% transaction tax.	0.1% of the sale value on listed shares	15% on unlisted-share gains	Mutual-fund and unit-trust redemptions exempt since July 2025
28	Croatia	12% / 0%	Financial gains pay a flat 12% — but only if sold within 2 years; property gains pay 24% with their own 2-year exemption.	0% after the 2-year holding periods	24% (property and rights); 12% (financial assets)	Inheritance- and divorce-related property sales exempt
29	Uruguay	12%	A flat 12% on gains from Uruguayan property and securities — and from 2026 on most foreign gains too (Law 20.446) — with the home sale, government bonds and small transactions exempt.	0% under 30,000 indexed units per deal (90,000/year)	12% flat	Home sale exempt under conditions
30	Andorra	10%	Financial gains are savings income at 10% with wide exemptions — small stakes and 10-year holdings pay nothing. Property has its own holding-period ladder.	EUR 3,000 savings exemption; 0% for stakes of 25% or less	10% (15% for property flipped within 2 years)	10-year holding wipes the tax on real estate and stakes above 25%
31	Belgium	10%	New from 2026: 10% on financial-asset gains above €10,000 a year, with pre-2026 value permanently exempt; property keeps its old holding-period rules.	0% on the first €10,000 of gains a year (per person)	10% (financial assets); 33% for speculative dealings	20%+ shareholders: €1 million exemption and reduced rates
32	Chile	10% / 0–40%	Actively traded listed shares pay a flat 10%; property gains enjoy a lifetime 8,000-unit exemption with a 10% election on the excess; the rest rides the scale.	10% single tax on listed-share gains	0-40% scale where no flat regime applies	Property bought before 2004: gains untaxed
33	El Salvador	10%	Non-habitual gains after a 12-month hold pay a flat 10%; property held over 6 years and exchange-traded securities are exempt.	0% on 6-year-held property and exchange-traded securities	10% (non-habitual); ordinary rates within 12 months or for dealers	Bitcoin and digital-assets-law (LEAD) digital assets exempt
34	Mexico	10% / 35%	Stock-exchange gains pay a flat, final 10%; other gains join the progressive scale with inflation-adjusted cost — and home sales are exempt to about MXN 6.07 million.	Scale rates from 1.92%	35% (scale) for off-market gains; 10% flat on-exchange	Home sale exempt up to 700,000 investment units (≈ MXN 6.07 million)
35	Panama	10%	A flat 10% on gains from property, shares and movable assets — collected through small withholdings on the price that sellers can elect as final.	0% on foreign assets and government securities	10% on the net gain	Property dealers pay 0.5-4.5% turnover-style rates on new builds
36	Peru	5% effective	Gains on securities and property pay 6.25% on 80% of the gain — an effective 5% — with the main home fully exempt.	0% on the main home and personal effects	5% effective (29.5% once property dealing becomes habitual)	Non-residents: 5% via the Lima exchange, 30% off-exchange
37	Romania	3% / 6% / 16%	Broker-withheld share gains pay 3% (held 365+ days) or 6%; everything outside intermediaries — including financial gold — pays 16%; property pays a 1–3% price-based transfer tax instead.	3% for long-held broker-traded securities	16% (off-market securities and financial gold)	State-debt instruments: gains exempt
38	Indonesia	0.1% – 35%	Gains join ordinary income at 5-35%, but the assets most people sell carry final taxes instead: 0.1% on listed shares and 2.5% on property, both on the sale price.	0.1% of sale value on listed Indonesian shares	35% where gains join ordinary income	Buyer pays a separate 5% title-acquisition duty on property
39	Vietnam	0.1% / 2% / 20%	Vietnam taxes the sale price, not the gain: 0.1% on securities, 2% on real estate — while contributed-capital stakes pay 20% on the actual gain.	0.1% of sale price on securities	20% on contributed-capital gains	Sole-residence sales and close-family transfers exempt
40	Bahrain	0%	No capital gains tax for individuals on any asset — shares, funds, property or crypto. Property changes hands with a registration fee instead.	0% on gains of any size	0%	Property registration fee 1.7% / 2% is the only transaction cost
41	Belize	0%	Belize has no capital gains tax — gains on property, shares and other assets are simply not taxed.	0% on gains of any size	0%	No holding-period rules — there is no tax to time around
42	Bulgaria	0% / 10%	Listed-share gains on European exchanges are exempt; other gains join the 10% flat tax with fixed deductions and generous property exemptions.	0% for exchange-traded shares and exempt property sales	10% (within the flat tax)	Gains on inherited property: always exempt
43	Cyprus	0% / 20%	No tax on securities or foreign assets; a separate 20% tax hits only Cyprus real estate and unlisted shares in companies holding it.	0% on securities and everything abroad	20% (Cyprus immovable property only)	Lifetime exemptions: EUR 150,000 home / 50,000 farmland / 30,000 other (raised 2026)
44	Czech Republic	0% / 15–23%	Gains are ordinary income at 15/23% — but 3-year-held securities (uncapped from 2026), small annual sales and long-held property are exempt.	0% for 3-year-held securities and sub-CZK 100,000 annual sales	23% (within the ordinary scale) on non-exempt gains	No indexation and no rollover relief — but wide exemptions
45	Ecuador	0% / 0–37%	Occasional property sales (up to two a year) are exempt; other gains join business or scale taxation, with a USD 20,000 exemption for exchange-traded shares.	0% on occasional property sales (max two a year)	0-37% where taxable	1% advance withholding on unlisted share sales
46	Georgia	0% – 20%	No separate gains tax — Georgian-source gains join income at the flat 20%, with a 5% rate or full exemption for property and vehicles depending on holding period.	5% on residential property and vehicles sold within 2 years	20% (Georgian-source gains generally)	Short holding periods wipe the tax: 2 years for homes, 6 months for vehicles
47	Hong Kong	0%	No capital gains tax exists — only profits from speculative 'adventures in the nature of trade' can be caught by profits tax (7.5% on the first HKD 2 million for unincorporated businesses, 15% above).	0%	0% (7.5%/15% two-tier profits tax if the deal is trading)	Stamp duty applies to share and property transfers — a transaction cost, not a gains tax
48	Luxembourg	0% after 6 months	Private gains on shares are exempt after 6 months (unless the stake exceeds 10%); quick flips at full rates; long-held property at half your average rate.	0% — movable assets held over 6 months (stakes ≤10%)	45.78% (speculative, within 6 months); ≈ 22.9% max (half average rate)	Step-up for arriving residents wipes out pre-arrival share gains
49	Malaysia	0%	Individuals pay no capital gains tax on shares or funds; only real property (and shares in property-rich companies) is taxed, at 0-30% by holding period.	RPGT 0% for citizens after 5 full years of ownership	0% on shares and funds; RPGT up to 30% on property	One lifetime exemption on selling a private residence
50	Malta	0% – 35%	Gains on a defined list of assets are taxed as ordinary income up to 35%; property sales instead pay a flat 8% on the price, and listed shares are exempt.	0% within the personal tax-free band	35% (ordinary scale) on chargeable gains; 8% of price for property	Securities listed on a recognized exchange: exempt
51	Mauritius	0%	Mauritius has no capital gains tax — investment gains on shares, funds and property are untaxed; only dealing as a business is taxed, as income.	0%	0% on investment gains	Business-like dealing taxed as income instead
52	Monaco	0%	No capital gains tax for individuals on any asset; property transfers carry registration duties instead.	0%	0%	Property transfers: registration duty on the deal, not the gain
53	Netherlands	0% / 24.5% – 31%	No tax on realised private gains — Box 3 taxes holdings instead; gains on 5%+ stakes pay Box 2 rates.	Box 3 charge ≈ 2.16% of investment value a year (36% × 6% deemed)	31% (Box 2 stakes); 0% on other realised private gains	Exit tax preserves Box 2 claims when shareholders emigrate
54	New Zealand	0%	No general capital gains tax — the exceptions are land bought for resale and residential property sold within the 2-year bright-line window.	0%	0% generally; marginal rates (to 39%) inside the bright-line window	Bright-line test: 2 years for sales from 1 July 2024
55	Qatar	0%	Personal capital gains are exempt — real estate, securities and listed shares alike; only gains inside a business are taxed at 10%.	0%	0% personal; 10% inside a business	Listed shares and fund units exempt even for business taxpayers
56	Saudi Arabia	0%	Personal capital gains are untaxed; non-residents' gains on unlisted Saudi shares pay 20%, with exchange-traded securities exempt.	0%	0% personal; 20% for business and non-residents' unlisted Saudi shares	Exchange-traded gains exempt
57	Singapore	0%	No capital gains tax at all; only gains from dealing as a business are taxed, as income.	0%	0%	Business-like dealing is taxed as income instead
58	Slovakia	0% / 19%	Listed securities held over a year sell tax-free; other share gains pay a flat 19%; property is exempt after 5 years.	EUR 500 annual exemption for securities gains (shared with rental income)	19% (capital income); up to 35% for other-asset gains in the scale	Long-term investment savings: tax-free after 15 years
59	South Korea	0% / 20–25% / scale	Minority listed-share investors pay nothing; large shareholders pay 20–25% (30% short-term); real estate runs the global scale with punitive 40–50% short-term rates.	KRW 2.5 million basic deduction on transfer income	50% (real estate held under 1 year)	One-house owners: full or partial exemption by value
60	Switzerland	0%	Private gains on movable assets are tax-free; property gains pay a separate cantonal tax that shrinks with holding period.	Property: cantonal gains tax, declining with holding period	0% on private movable assets	Professional-trader reclassification risk
61	Thailand	0% / 0–35%	No separate capital gains tax — gains join ordinary income at 0-35%, but gains on Thai-listed shares and mutual-fund units are exempt.	0% on SET-listed shares and mutual-fund units	0-35% (ordinary income) where taxable at all	Bond and debenture gains can settle at a 15% withholding instead
62	Turkey	0% / 10% / scale	Time is the tax planner: property exempt after 5 years, quoted shares after 1 year, unquoted resident shares after 2 — with a 10% withholding on bond and instrument gains.	TRY 150,000 annual exemption for property-type gains	Scale to 40% (short-held property and unquoted shares)	Fund and trust units held 2 years: 0% withholding
63	United Arab Emirates	0%	No capital gains tax for individuals on any asset; property transfers carry a 2–4% registration fee instead.	0%	0%	Property transfers: 2–4% registration fee (a transaction fee, not a gains tax)
64	United States	0% / 15% / 20%	Long-term gains (assets held over 1 year) at 0/15/20% plus the 3.8% surtax; short-term gains at ordinary rates up to 37%.	0% up to $49,450 single / $98,900 joint	23.8% (20% + 3.8% surtax) on long-term gains; 37% short-term	Step-up in basis wipes out gains at death
65	Australia	Marginal rates, half basevaries	Net gains join income at marginal rates, but a 50% discount applies after 12 months — an effective top rate of about 23.5% on long-held assets.	Marginal rates on the full gain if held under 12 months	≈ 23.5% effective on long-held assets (45% + levy on half the gain)	Small business concessions can eliminate gains entirely

Norway#1

37.84% / 22%

Share gains at the grossed-up 37.84%; other gains (property, bonds) at 22%; homes exempt after 1 year of owner-occupation.

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Ireland#2

33%

Flat 33% on most gains; entrepreneurs get 10% on a €1.5m lifetime limit; the annual exemption is a modest €1,270.

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France#3

31.4% / 36.2%

Shares: 31.4% flat. Property: 19% + 17.2% social = 36.2%, melting away with holding time — income-tax-free after 22 years, fully free after 30.

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Finland#4

30% / 34%

Capital income rates with a €30,000 break point; homes exempt after 2 years' own use; a presumptive 20%/40% cost floor helps long-held assets.

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Sweden#5

30% / 22%

Flat 30% on securities gains; home sales at an effective 22% (22/30 of the gain taxed) with deferral on replacement purchases.

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Portugal#6

28%

28% flat on shares; property gains are half-included at progressive rates; long-held listed securities get taper relief.

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Austria#7

27.5% / 30%

Financial assets: flat 27.5% regardless of holding period. Real estate: flat 30%, with the main home and self-built houses exempt.

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Canada#8

≈ 24 – 27%

Half of each gain is taxed at your marginal rate — effectively 22–27% at the top by province — with homes exempt and a CAD 1.25M lifetime exemption for business and farm assets.

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Denmark#9

27% / 42%

Share gains at 27%/42%; your own home fully exempt; other property gains taxed as capital income (~37–42%).

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Germany#10

26.375%

Shares: flat 26.375% regardless of holding period. Property: taxable within 10 years, tax-free after (or as your own home).

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Italy#11

26%

26% flat on shares and financial assets; property gains join your income at band rates but go tax-free after 5 years of ownership.

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Latvia#12

25.5%

One flat 25.5% on gains from shares, property, funds and crypto — with a 5-year-plus-residence exemption for your home.

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Slovenia#13

25% → 0%

25% falling to 20% after 5 years, 15% after 10 and zero after 15; your home is exempt after 3 years' residence.

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United Kingdom#14

24%

18% within the basic band, 24% above; £3,000 annual exemption; main home fully exempt; entrepreneurs pay 18% on £1m lifetime gains.

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Estonia#15

22%

Gains join ordinary income at the flat 22% — with your home exempt, and full deferral available through the investment account.

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Japan#16

20.315% / 39.63%

Shares always 20.315%; property 20.315% after 5 years' ownership but 39.63% within it — with a JPY 30 million deduction on selling your home.

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Poland#17

19%

Flat 19% on securities gains and on property sold within 5 years — property held longer, or gains reinvested in your own home, escape entirely.

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Spain#18

19% – 30%

Gains join the savings scale (19%–30%); generous exemptions for main-home reinvestment and sellers aged 65+.

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South Africa#19

18% max effective

No separate gains schedule: 40% of your net gain joins ordinary income, so the 45% top rate becomes 18% effective.

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Argentina#20

15% / 0%

Financial gains pay a flat 15%; from 1 January 2026 resident individuals' real-estate sale gains are exempt (pre-2018 purchases keep the 1.5% transfer tax), and exchange-listed local shares, government bonds and your own home were already exempt.

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Colombia#21

15%

A flat 15% on gains from fixed assets held 2 years or more; quicker sales fall into ordinary income at up to 39%, and lottery wins pay 20%.

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Costa Rica#22

15%

A flat 15% on gains from Costa Rican assets and on rental income — with habitual dealing taxed as business income instead, and foreign gains untaxed.

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Greece#23

15%

Flat 15% on securities — and 0% on real estate in practice, because the property gains tax is frozen through 2026.

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Hungary#24

15%

Flat 15% on gains — with property tax-free after 5 years, exchange-traded gains free of social tax, and a 5-year account wrapper that eliminates tax entirely.

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Lithuania#25

15% / 32%

Gains pay 15% up to the 12-average-wage line (EUR 27,745.80 of combined non-employment income), then the 20/25/32% scale — 5-year-held shares stay at 15% throughout, and property exemptions shortened to 5 years in 2026.

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Montenegro#26

15%

Gains on property, shares and participation rights pay a flat 15% by assessment — with the main home, marriage-related transfers and first-degree family gifts exempt.

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Philippines#27

15% / 6% / 0.1%

Unlisted shares pay 15% on the gain, real property a 6% final tax on the price, and listed shares just a 0.1% transaction tax.

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Croatia#28

12% / 0%

Financial gains pay a flat 12% — but only if sold within 2 years; property gains pay 24% with their own 2-year exemption.

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Uruguay#29

12%

A flat 12% on gains from Uruguayan property and securities — and from 2026 on most foreign gains too (Law 20.446) — with the home sale, government bonds and small transactions exempt.

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Andorra#30

10%

Financial gains are savings income at 10% with wide exemptions — small stakes and 10-year holdings pay nothing. Property has its own holding-period ladder.

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Belgium#31

10%

New from 2026: 10% on financial-asset gains above €10,000 a year, with pre-2026 value permanently exempt; property keeps its old holding-period rules.

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Chile#32

10% / 0–40%

Actively traded listed shares pay a flat 10%; property gains enjoy a lifetime 8,000-unit exemption with a 10% election on the excess; the rest rides the scale.

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El Salvador#33

10%

Non-habitual gains after a 12-month hold pay a flat 10%; property held over 6 years and exchange-traded securities are exempt.

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Mexico#34

10% / 35%

Stock-exchange gains pay a flat, final 10%; other gains join the progressive scale with inflation-adjusted cost — and home sales are exempt to about MXN 6.07 million.

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Panama#35

10%

A flat 10% on gains from property, shares and movable assets — collected through small withholdings on the price that sellers can elect as final.

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Peru#36

5% effective

Gains on securities and property pay 6.25% on 80% of the gain — an effective 5% — with the main home fully exempt.

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Romania#37

3% / 6% / 16%

Broker-withheld share gains pay 3% (held 365+ days) or 6%; everything outside intermediaries — including financial gold — pays 16%; property pays a 1–3% price-based transfer tax instead.

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Indonesia#38

0.1% – 35%

Gains join ordinary income at 5-35%, but the assets most people sell carry final taxes instead: 0.1% on listed shares and 2.5% on property, both on the sale price.

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Vietnam#39

0.1% / 2% / 20%

Vietnam taxes the sale price, not the gain: 0.1% on securities, 2% on real estate — while contributed-capital stakes pay 20% on the actual gain.

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Bahrain#40

No capital gains tax for individuals on any asset — shares, funds, property or crypto. Property changes hands with a registration fee instead.

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Belize#41

Belize has no capital gains tax — gains on property, shares and other assets are simply not taxed.

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Bulgaria#42

0% / 10%

Listed-share gains on European exchanges are exempt; other gains join the 10% flat tax with fixed deductions and generous property exemptions.

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Cyprus#43

0% / 20%

No tax on securities or foreign assets; a separate 20% tax hits only Cyprus real estate and unlisted shares in companies holding it.

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Czech Republic#44

0% / 15–23%

Gains are ordinary income at 15/23% — but 3-year-held securities (uncapped from 2026), small annual sales and long-held property are exempt.

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Ecuador#45

0% / 0–37%

Occasional property sales (up to two a year) are exempt; other gains join business or scale taxation, with a USD 20,000 exemption for exchange-traded shares.

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Georgia#46

0% – 20%

No separate gains tax — Georgian-source gains join income at the flat 20%, with a 5% rate or full exemption for property and vehicles depending on holding period.

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Hong Kong#47

No capital gains tax exists — only profits from speculative 'adventures in the nature of trade' can be caught by profits tax (7.5% on the first HKD 2 million for unincorporated businesses, 15% above).

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Luxembourg#48

0% after 6 months

Private gains on shares are exempt after 6 months (unless the stake exceeds 10%); quick flips at full rates; long-held property at half your average rate.

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Malaysia#49

Individuals pay no capital gains tax on shares or funds; only real property (and shares in property-rich companies) is taxed, at 0-30% by holding period.

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Malta#50

0% – 35%

Gains on a defined list of assets are taxed as ordinary income up to 35%; property sales instead pay a flat 8% on the price, and listed shares are exempt.

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Mauritius#51

Mauritius has no capital gains tax — investment gains on shares, funds and property are untaxed; only dealing as a business is taxed, as income.

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Monaco#52

No capital gains tax for individuals on any asset; property transfers carry registration duties instead.

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Netherlands#53

0% / 24.5% – 31%

No tax on realised private gains — Box 3 taxes holdings instead; gains on 5%+ stakes pay Box 2 rates.

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New Zealand#54

No general capital gains tax — the exceptions are land bought for resale and residential property sold within the 2-year bright-line window.

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Qatar#55

Personal capital gains are exempt — real estate, securities and listed shares alike; only gains inside a business are taxed at 10%.

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Saudi Arabia#56

Personal capital gains are untaxed; non-residents' gains on unlisted Saudi shares pay 20%, with exchange-traded securities exempt.

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Singapore#57

No capital gains tax at all; only gains from dealing as a business are taxed, as income.

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Slovakia#58

0% / 19%

Listed securities held over a year sell tax-free; other share gains pay a flat 19%; property is exempt after 5 years.

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South Korea#59

0% / 20–25% / scale

Minority listed-share investors pay nothing; large shareholders pay 20–25% (30% short-term); real estate runs the global scale with punitive 40–50% short-term rates.

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Switzerland#60

Private gains on movable assets are tax-free; property gains pay a separate cantonal tax that shrinks with holding period.

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Thailand#61

0% / 0–35%

No separate capital gains tax — gains join ordinary income at 0-35%, but gains on Thai-listed shares and mutual-fund units are exempt.

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Turkey#62

0% / 10% / scale

Time is the tax planner: property exempt after 5 years, quoted shares after 1 year, unquoted resident shares after 2 — with a 10% withholding on bond and instrument gains.

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United Arab Emirates#63

No capital gains tax for individuals on any asset; property transfers carry a 2–4% registration fee instead.

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United States#64

0% / 15% / 20%

Long-term gains (assets held over 1 year) at 0/15/20% plus the 3.8% surtax; short-term gains at ordinary rates up to 37%.

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Australia#65

Marginal rates, half base

Net gains join income at marginal rates, but a 50% discount applies after 12 months — an effective top rate of about 23.5% on long-held assets.

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Source: 2026 tax dataset · updated 2026-07-11 · rates are headline figures — see each country's tax guide for the full picture.

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