Crypto tax by country — headline rates

Cross-country comparison of headline crypto tax rates. Draft-status country pages are excluded until figures are cross-checked.

See the full 65-country comparison table →

Rank	Country	Headline rate	Composition
#1	Japan	up to ≈ 55%	Crypto profits are miscellaneous income at full progressive rates — the planned 20.315% flat regime for exchange-traded crypto is expected around 2028, not yet law.
#2	Denmark	up to ≈ 52%	Crypto gains are speculative personal income at up to 52.07% — while losses deduct at only about 26%, an unusually harsh asymmetry.
#3	Chile	0–40%	Crypto gains are ordinary income on the progressive scale — no dedicated regime, no flat rate, cost documentation required.
4	Ecuador	0–37%	No dedicated crypto rules — holding and trading are legal, payments through banks are barred, and realized gains are ordinary income on the scale.
5	Netherlands	36% of a deemed return	Crypto is Box 3 wealth: no tax on selling, but holdings above the allowance are deemed to yield a fixed 6.00% and taxed at 36% — roughly 2.2% of value a year.
6	Philippines	0–35%	No dedicated crypto tax exists — gains join ordinary income, with only half the gain counted after a 12-month hold; traders and miners pay full income rates.
7	Ireland	33%	Crypto gains are ordinary capital gains: flat 33% with the €1,270 annual exemption; frequent trading can be taxed as income instead.
8	Italy	33%	33% substitute tax on crypto gains from 1 January 2026 (up from 26%), with a 26% carve-out for qualifying euro stablecoins.
9	France	31.4%	Flat tax on gains when you cash out to euros or spend crypto; crypto-to-crypto swaps are not taxable events.
10	Finland	30% / 34%	Crypto gains are capital income (30%/34%); every swap and purchase is a disposal, and the presumptive-cost rule applies here too.
11	Peru	Unsettled / 8–30%	No dedicated crypto law — and the tax authority's own 2023 reading finds no basis to tax individuals' occasional gains under current rules, while an announced 5% codification stays unenacted.
12	Sweden	30%	Crypto gains are capital income at 30%; only 70% of losses offset, and every disposal — including swaps — must be reported on form K4.
13	Portugal	28% / 0%	28% flat on gains from crypto held 365 days or less; hold longer than a year and the gain is exempt.
14	Austria	27.5%	Flat 27.5% on crypto gains regardless of holding period; crypto-to-crypto swaps are tax-neutral by statute, and native staking rewards are taxed only when later sold.
15	Canada	≈ 24 – 27% / full rates	Crypto held as capital property gets the 50% inclusion; business-like trading and crypto pay are fully taxed as income; mining is business income where run commercially, and reward classification is fact-specific.
16	Latvia	25.5%	Crypto assets are named capital assets — gains pay the flat 25.5%; non-residents' publicly circulated crypto gains are exempt through 2027 — the relief applies only to disposals through businesses licensed to provide crypto-asset services under the EU framework.
17	Estonia	22%	Crypto gains are ordinary income at 22% — the investment account defers tax until withdrawal, and since 2025 losses on trades via licensed European platforms are deductible.
18	Norway	22%	Crypto gains are general income at a flat 22% (no 1.72 multiplier); holdings join the ~1% wealth tax; mining and staking rewards are income.
19	Poland	19%	Flat 19% on crypto profits when converted to cash or spent — coin-to-coin swaps are entirely tax-free.
20	Slovakia	19% – 35%	Crypto gains are ordinary other income on the progressive scale, plus a 15% health insurance contribution — the once-announced 7% long-hold regime was repealed before it ever applied.
21	Spain	19% – 30%	Crypto gains are ordinary savings income on the 19%–30% scale; mining is business income at up to 47%.
22	South Africa	18% – 45%	No dedicated crypto tax. The revenue service treats crypto as an intangible asset and applies normal income and capital gains rules.
23	United Kingdom	18% / 24%	Crypto follows the standard capital gains rates with the £3,000 exemption; no holding-period relief; trading and mining are income.
24	Romania	16%	Crypto gains pay 16% from 2026 (up from 10%) as income from other sources, with a small-transaction exemption of RON 200.
25	Argentina	15%	Crypto is a financial asset: disposal gains pay the flat 15% (5% for peso-denominated non-adjusted instruments), and holdings join the annual wealth tax.
26	Colombia	15% / 0–39%	Crypto counts as an intangible asset: gains after a 2-year hold pay the flat 15% capital-gains rate, quicker sales and trading ride the 0-39% scale.
27	Greece	15% (proposed)	No dedicated crypto tax is in force yet; a pending bill would charge a flat 15% on gains above a EUR 500 annual exemption.
28	Hungary	15%	Crypto traded on exchanges pays a flat 15% with no social tax, full loss offsetting and unlimited loss carryforward — one of Europe's cleaner regimes.
29	Lithuania	15% / 32%	Crypto gains are other-property income: 15% up to 12 average wages of combined non-employment income (EUR 27,745.80), the excess at 20/25/32%; a EUR 2,500 yearly other-property exemption applies, and crypto is barred from the tax-deferred investment account.
30	Montenegro	15%	No dedicated crypto rules exist — disposal gains are read into the flat 15% capital regime, with business-scale trading taxed as entrepreneurial income.
31	Croatia	12% / 0%	Crypto follows the financial-asset rules: 12% on gains realized within 2 years, exempt after — and coin-to-coin swaps aren't taxable events.
32	Uruguay	12%	No dedicated crypto rules exist — practitioners treat gains as capital income at the flat 12%, and the 2026 broadening of foreign-income rules means even foreign-held coins now point to 12%.
33	New Zealand	10.5% – 39%	No capital gains tax doesn't save crypto: the tax office presumes coins are bought to sell, making most disposal profits ordinary income at marginal rates.
34	Andorra	10%	Crypto gains are savings income: flat 10% after the EUR 3,000 exemption. No dedicated crypto tax exists.
35	Belgium	10%	From 2026 crypto gains fall under the new 10% financial-assets tax (€10,000 exemption); speculative trading 33%; professional activity at progressive rates.
36	Bulgaria	10%	Crypto gains are netted annually, reduced by a 10% fixed deduction and taxed at the flat 10% — an effective 9% on net profits.
37	Cyprus	8%	A dedicated flat 8% income tax on crypto gains from 2026 — covering sales, swaps, gifts and payments — with mining taxed under the normal rules.
38	Mexico	1.92% – 35%	Mexico has no crypto-specific statute: disposals are taxed under the general property rules at scale rates, with business-scale trading as ordinary business income.
39	Indonesia	0.21%	Selling crypto costs a final 0.21% of the transaction value on licensed domestic platforms — 1% if you trade on foreign or unappointed platforms.
40	Vietnam	0.1%	Digital-asset transfers are taxed at 0.1% of the gross transfer price — the same flat treatment as securities, applied through licensed platforms.
41	Bahrain	0%	No tax on personal crypto gains or trading. Bahrain regulates the industry through Central Bank of Bahrain (CBB) licensing rather than taxation.
42	Belize	0%	No crypto-specific rules exist, and with no capital gains tax, personal crypto gains are generally untaxed. Business-scale trading could attract business tax.
43	Costa Rica	0% / 15%	No dedicated crypto rules — the tax authority treats coins as intangible assets: local-source gains pay the 15% capital rate, foreign-platform gains are generally untaxed.
44	Czech Republic	0% / 15–23%	Crypto held 3+ years is exempt up to CZK 40 million a year; disposals under CZK 100,000 a year are always tax-free; the rest is ordinary income — electronic-money tokens (stablecoins) are excluded from this value exemption.
45	El Salvador	0%	Bitcoin exchanges are exempt from capital gains tax, digital assets within the regulated LEAD ecosystem carry their own exemption, and genuinely foreign-source gains fall outside the territorial net — source is fact-based, not set by the platform's domicile.
46	Georgia	0%	Individual crypto gains are classified as foreign-source income and are therefore untaxed. No dedicated crypto tax exists.
47	Germany	0% / up to 45%	Private crypto held over 1 year: tax-free. Sold within a year: progressive rates, but only if total private gains reach €1,000.
48	Hong Kong	0% / 15%	Investment crypto gains are untaxed like any capital gain; business-scale trading falls under the two-tier profits tax (7.5% on the first HKD 2 million, 15% above); crypto salaries are taxable pay.
49	Luxembourg	0% after 6 months	Crypto follows the movable-asset rules: tax-free after 6 months' holding, full progressive rates on quicker sales above €500 a year.
50	Malaysia	0% / 0–30%	No capital gains tax means passive crypto profits are untaxed; active trading and business-scale mining count as business income at up to 30% — reward treatment is fact-dependent.
51	Malta	0% / 35%	Coins held as investments sit outside Malta's chargeable-asset list, so private gains go untaxed; business-like trading is income at up to 35%.
52	Mauritius	0%	With no capital gains tax, investment-nature crypto gains are untaxed; revenue-nature trading joins gross income at the 0/10/20% scale.
53	Monaco	0%	No income tax means no tax on crypto gains, swaps or staking for individuals — French nationals excepted.
54	Panama	0% / 10%	No crypto law exists — under territorial sourcing, genuinely foreign-source gains are untaxed — source follows the underlying activity, not the platform, while Panama-source crypto income follows the ordinary rules.
55	Qatar	0%	No personal tax reaches crypto gains — but the banking system is closed to crypto: financial institutions may not trade or process it.
56	Saudi Arabia	0%	No personal income tax means personal crypto gains are untaxed; no dedicated crypto statute exists and banking channels remain cautious.
57	Singapore	0%	No capital gains tax means personal crypto gains are untaxed; trading as a business or earning crypto is taxed as income.
58	Slovenia	0% (no dedicated tax)	The planned 25% crypto-disposal tax was never enacted — the bill lapsed in parliament — so occasional private disposals remain untaxed; business-scale activity is taxable under general rules.
59	South Korea	0% (until 2027)	Taxation of virtual-asset gains has been deferred repeatedly — private crypto gains are untaxed until at least 2027, when a 20% regime is slated to begin.
60	Switzerland	0%	Private crypto gains are tax-free like any movable asset; holdings pay cantonal wealth tax, and mining/staking or professional trading is taxed as income.
61	Thailand	0% (to end-2029)	Gains on crypto sold through Thai-licensed exchanges, brokers or dealers are exempt from 1 January 2025 to 31 December 2029; off-exchange gains are ordinary income.
62	United Arab Emirates	0%	No personal tax on crypto gains, staking or holdings; only business-scale activity above AED 1m turnover meets the corporate regime.
63	United States	0% / 15% / 20% (long-term)	Digital assets are property: capital gains rates apply — 0/15/20% after a year, ordinary rates up to 37% within it.
64	Australia	Marginal rates, half base	Crypto is a capital gains tax asset: marginal rates on the gain, halved after 12 months of holding; traders and miners pay income rates in full.
65	Turkey	No dedicated tax	Turkey has no crypto-specific tax in force — individual trading gains sit in a legal grey zone widely treated as untaxed; a proposed 0.03% transaction levy was withdrawn from parliament in March 2026.

Headline rates only. Effective burdens depend on brackets, allowances, surcharges, residency and regime elections — see each country guide for detail. Updated 2026-07-11.