Crypto tax by country compared (2026)

How each country treats crypto disposals — dedicated regimes, CGT overlays and long-term holding rules.

#	Country	Crypto tax	Composition	Entry band	Top rate	Regime flag
1	Japan	up to ≈ 55%	Crypto profits are miscellaneous income at full progressive rates — the planned 20.315% flat regime for exchange-traded crypto is expected around 2028, not yet law.	Progressive from 5% national; JPY 200,000 no-filing threshold for salaried side income	≈55% combined (miscellaneous income)	20.315% exchange-crypto regime pending — expected 2028; staking and NFTs stay miscellaneous
2	Denmark	up to ≈ 52%	Crypto gains are speculative personal income at up to 52.07% — while losses deduct at only about 26%, an unusually harsh asymmetry.	Losses deduct at only ≈ 26%	≈ 52.07% (personal income, no 8% contribution)	Mark-to-market reform proposed, not enacted
3	Chile	0–40%	Crypto gains are ordinary income on the progressive scale — no dedicated regime, no flat rate, cost documentation required.	0% inside the 13.5-unit tax-free band	40% (scale)	No dedicated crypto statute — tax-office rulings apply general rules
4	Ecuador	0–37%	No dedicated crypto rules — holding and trading are legal, payments through banks are barred, and realized gains are ordinary income on the scale.	0% inside the USD 12,208 exempt slice	37% (scale)	Not legal tender; bank-channel payments prohibited
5	Netherlands	36% of a deemed return	Crypto is Box 3 wealth: no tax on selling, but holdings above the allowance are deemed to yield a fixed 6.00% and taxed at 36% — roughly 2.2% of value a year.	0% below €59,357 of total net assets (double for partners)	≈ 2.2% of holdings a year (36% × the fixed 6.00% deemed return)	Actual-returns taxation planned from 2028
6	Philippines	0–35%	No dedicated crypto tax exists — gains join ordinary income, with only half the gain counted after a 12-month hold; traders and miners pay full income rates.	Effective halving of the rate after a 12-month hold	35% (full inclusion for short holds and traders)	No dedicated statute — general capital-asset rules apply
7	Ireland	33%	Crypto gains are ordinary capital gains: flat 33% with the €1,270 annual exemption; frequent trading can be taxed as income instead.	First €1,270 of total gains each year exempt	33% CGT (investors)	No holding-period exemption — unlike Portugal or Germany
8	Italy	33%	33% substitute tax on crypto gains from 1 January 2026 (up from 26%), with a 26% carve-out for qualifying euro stablecoins.	26% for qualifying euro stablecoins	33% flat on realised gains	Undocumented purchase cost is treated as zero
9	France	31.4%	Flat tax on gains when you cash out to euros or spend crypto; crypto-to-crypto swaps are not taxable events.	0% if all disposals in the year total under €305	31.4% flat on realised gains	Crypto-to-crypto swaps untaxed
10	Finland	30% / 34%	Crypto gains are capital income (30%/34%); every swap and purchase is a disposal, and the presumptive-cost rule applies here too.	0% when the year's total disposals stay under €1,000	34% (within total capital income above €30,000)	Presumptive 20%/40% cost applies
11	Peru	Unsettled / 8–30%	No dedicated crypto law — and the tax authority's own 2023 reading finds no basis to tax individuals' occasional gains under current rules, while an announced 5% codification stays unenacted.	No settled charge on occasional gains — 5% effective if the adviser reading applies	8-30% or 29.5% where trading is a business	Codifying amendment announced February 2025 — still pending
12	Sweden	30%	Crypto gains are capital income at 30%; only 70% of losses offset, and every disposal — including swaps — must be reported on form K4.	Losses count at 70%	30% flat	Crypto cannot live inside the tax-free ISK wrapper
13	Portugal	28% / 0%	28% flat on gains from crypto held 365 days or less; hold longer than a year and the gain is exempt.	0% after more than 365 days	28% (holdings of 365 days or less)	Mining and professional trading are taxed as business income
14	Austria	27.5%	Flat 27.5% on crypto gains regardless of holding period; crypto-to-crypto swaps are tax-neutral by statute, and native staking rewards are taxed only when later sold.	0% — pre-March-2021 coins held over a year (old regime)	27.5% flat	Coin-to-coin swaps tax-neutral
15	Canada	≈ 24 – 27% / full rates	Crypto held as capital property gets the 50% inclusion; business-like trading and crypto pay are fully taxed as income; mining is business income where run commercially, and reward classification is fact-specific.	Ordinary credits apply	Half-inclusion for investors; up to 54.8% combined for business income	No tax-free wrapper — crypto can't sit in a tax-free savings account directly
16	Latvia	25.5%	Crypto assets are named capital assets — gains pay the flat 25.5%; non-residents' publicly circulated crypto gains are exempt through 2027 — the relief applies only to disposals through businesses licensed to provide crypto-asset services under the EU framework.	25.5% from the first euro of net gain	25.5% flat	Non-residents: publicly circulated crypto gains exempt 2025–2027 — the relief applies only to disposals through businesses licensed to provide crypto-asset services under the EU framework.
17	Estonia	22%	Crypto gains are ordinary income at 22% — the investment account defers tax until withdrawal, and since 2025 losses on trades via licensed European platforms are deductible.	22% from the first euro of gain	22%	Losses deductible only for trades via licensed European platforms
18	Norway	22%	Crypto gains are general income at a flat 22% (no 1.72 multiplier); holdings join the ~1% wealth tax; mining and staking rewards are income.	No de-minimis — every disposal is reportable	22% on gains; ~1% yearly wealth tax on holdings	Losses deduct at the same 22%
19	Poland	19%	Flat 19% on crypto profits when converted to cash or spent — coin-to-coin swaps are entirely tax-free.	19% from the first zloty of net gain	19% flat on net crypto income	Crypto-to-crypto trades exempt; costs carry forward indefinitely
20	Slovakia	19% – 35%	Crypto gains are ordinary other income on the progressive scale, plus a 15% health insurance contribution — the once-announced 7% long-hold regime was repealed before it ever applied.	19% band from the first euro of gain	Up to 35% on the scale, plus the 15% health contribution	No preferential crypto regime — the 7% rate never took effect
21	Spain	19% – 30%	Crypto gains are ordinary savings income on the 19%–30% scale; mining is business income at up to 47%.	19% on the first €6,000 of savings income	30% (savings scale) — mining up to 47%	Foreign-held crypto has separate declaration duties
22	South Africa	18% – 45%	No dedicated crypto tax. The revenue service treats crypto as an intangible asset and applies normal income and capital gains rules.	First ZAR 50,000 of yearly capital gains excluded (shared with other assets)	45% on trading profits; 18% effective on investment gains	Draft crypto tax guide open for comment to 31 August 2026
23	United Kingdom	18% / 24%	Crypto follows the standard capital gains rates with the £3,000 exemption; no holding-period relief; trading and mining are income.	£3,000 of total gains a year tax-free	24% capital gains tax (CGT); up to 45% if taxed as income	No holding-period exemption — unlike Germany or Portugal
24	Romania	16%	Crypto gains pay 16% from 2026 (up from 10%) as income from other sources, with a small-transaction exemption of RON 200.	0% for sub-RON 200 transactions within the RON 600 annual line	16% flat on gains	Counts toward the 10% health-contribution trigger like other non-wage income
25	Argentina	15%	Crypto is a financial asset: disposal gains pay the flat 15% (5% for peso-denominated non-adjusted instruments), and holdings join the annual wealth tax.	Holding and wallet-to-wallet transfers untaxed	5-35% for mining and crypto pay; 15% on gains	Losses offset only like-kind financial gains, 5-year carryforward
26	Colombia	15% / 0–39%	Crypto counts as an intangible asset: gains after a 2-year hold pay the flat 15% capital-gains rate, quicker sales and trading ride the 0-39% scale.	15% flat after a 2-year hold	0-39% (holds under 2 years; habitual trading)	Exchange reporting to the tax authority from tax year 2026
27	Greece	15% (proposed)	No dedicated crypto tax is in force yet; a pending bill would charge a flat 15% on gains above a EUR 500 annual exemption.	First EUR 500 of annual gains exempt (proposed)	15% flat under the pending bill	Individual mining exempt under the draft; business-scale activity taxed as income
28	Hungary	15%	Crypto traded on exchanges pays a flat 15% with no social tax, full loss offsetting and unlimited loss carryforward — one of Europe's cleaner regimes.	15% from the first forint of net gain	15% (other-income treatment possible for private deals outside the special regime)	Unlimited loss carryforward — if losses are reported each year
29	Lithuania	15% / 32%	Crypto gains are other-property income: 15% up to 12 average wages of combined non-employment income (EUR 27,745.80), the excess at 20/25/32%; a EUR 2,500 yearly other-property exemption applies, and crypto is barred from the tax-deferred investment account.	EUR 2,500 other-property exemption, then 15%	32% (only above the 12-average-wage line)	No holding-period relief; frequent trading becomes registered individual activity
30	Montenegro	15%	No dedicated crypto rules exist — disposal gains are read into the flat 15% capital regime, with business-scale trading taxed as entrepreneurial income.	Same flat rate from the first euro	15% (capital treatment); 15% top scale rate for traders	No licensing or reporting regime for private holders
31	Croatia	12% / 0%	Crypto follows the financial-asset rules: 12% on gains realized within 2 years, exempt after — and coin-to-coin swaps aren't taxable events.	12% from the first euro of taxable gain	12% (within 2 years); 0% after	First-in-first-out cost tracking with documentary support required
32	Uruguay	12%	No dedicated crypto rules exist — practitioners treat gains as capital income at the flat 12%, and the 2026 broadening of foreign-income rules means even foreign-held coins now point to 12%.	Small-transaction exemption arguably available (30,000 indexed units per deal)	12% (capital-income reading)	No dedicated tax-office guidance
33	New Zealand	10.5% – 39%	No capital gains tax doesn't save crypto: the tax office presumes coins are bought to sell, making most disposal profits ordinary income at marginal rates.	10.5% from the first dollar of gain	39% (within the ordinary scale)	Exchange reporting to tax authorities begins 1 April 2026
34	Andorra	10%	Crypto gains are savings income: flat 10% after the EUR 3,000 exemption. No dedicated crypto tax exists.	EUR 3,000 savings exemption	10%	10% flat — among the lowest realised-gains rates in Europe
35	Belgium	10%	From 2026 crypto gains fall under the new 10% financial-assets tax (€10,000 exemption); speculative trading 33%; professional activity at progressive rates.	0% on the first €10,000 of gains a year	10% (investors); 33% speculative; up to 50% professional	Pre-2026 gains grandfathered via the value step-up
36	Bulgaria	10%	Crypto gains are netted annually, reduced by a 10% fixed deduction and taxed at the flat 10% — an effective 9% on net profits.	10% from the first euro of net gain	10% (9% effective after the fixed deduction)	Netting explicit in law since 2024; no holding-period relief
37	Cyprus	8%	A dedicated flat 8% income tax on crypto gains from 2026 — covering sales, swaps, gifts and payments — with mining taxed under the normal rules.	8% from the first euro of gain	8% flat on gains	Crypto-to-crypto swaps are taxable events — unlike in much of Europe
38	Mexico	1.92% – 35%	Mexico has no crypto-specific statute: disposals are taxed under the general property rules at scale rates, with business-scale trading as ordinary business income.	Scale rates from 1.92%	35% (within the scale)	No dedicated crypto rules — general property and business provisions apply
39	Indonesia	0.21%	Selling crypto costs a final 0.21% of the transaction value on licensed domestic platforms — 1% if you trade on foreign or unappointed platforms.	0.21% on licensed domestic platforms	1% of transaction value (foreign platforms)	Rates set by a Finance Ministry regulation effective 1 August 2025
40	Vietnam	0.1%	Digital-asset transfers are taxed at 0.1% of the gross transfer price — the same flat treatment as securities, applied through licensed platforms.	Same flat rate from the first dong	0.1% of transfer price	Pilot framework: circulars effective March-April 2026
41	Bahrain	0%	No tax on personal crypto gains or trading. Bahrain regulates the industry through Central Bank of Bahrain (CBB) licensing rather than taxation.	0% on gains of any size	0%	Central Bank of Bahrain (CBB) crypto-asset licensing since 2019
42	Belize	0%	No crypto-specific rules exist, and with no capital gains tax, personal crypto gains are generally untaxed. Business-scale trading could attract business tax.	0% from the first dollar	0% (personal gains, current practice)	Absence of rules, not an explicit exemption — treat with care
43	Costa Rica	0% / 15%	No dedicated crypto rules — the tax authority treats coins as intangible assets: local-source gains pay the 15% capital rate, foreign-platform gains are generally untaxed.	0% on foreign-platform gains (prevailing reading); 15% local-source	0-25% for habitual trading businesses	No dedicated statute; authority guidance applies general rules
44	Czech Republic	0% / 15–23%	Crypto held 3+ years is exempt up to CZK 40 million a year; disposals under CZK 100,000 a year are always tax-free; the rest is ordinary income — electronic-money tokens (stablecoins) are excluded from this value exemption.	0% under the time test or the CZK 100,000 annual line	23% (within the ordinary scale) on non-exempt gains	3-year exemption capped at CZK 40 million a year (kept for crypto, dropped for shares)
45	El Salvador	0%	Bitcoin exchanges are exempt from capital gains tax, digital assets within the regulated LEAD ecosystem carry their own exemption, and genuinely foreign-source gains fall outside the territorial net — source is fact-based, not set by the platform's domicile.	0% on foreign-platform gains (territorial)	0% on bitcoin and registered digital-asset gains	Bitcoin acceptance voluntary since January 2025; taxes in dollars only
46	Georgia	0%	Individual crypto gains are classified as foreign-source income and are therefore untaxed. No dedicated crypto tax exists.	0% from the first lari of gains	0% for individuals	Foreign-source classification is the legal basis for the 0%
47	Germany	0% / up to 45%	Private crypto held over 1 year: tax-free. Sold within a year: progressive rates, but only if total private gains reach €1,000.	€1,000 yearly threshold for short-term private gains	0% after 1 year; up to 45% within it	Staking/mining rewards are taxable income on receipt
48	Hong Kong	0% / 15%	Investment crypto gains are untaxed like any capital gain; business-scale trading falls under the two-tier profits tax (7.5% on the first HKD 2 million, 15% above); crypto salaries are taxable pay.	0%	0% investors; 15% business traders	No holding-period rules; badges-of-trade analysis decides
49	Luxembourg	0% after 6 months	Crypto follows the movable-asset rules: tax-free after 6 months' holding, full progressive rates on quicker sales above €500 a year.	€500 annual speculative-gain threshold	45.78% (within 6 months); 0% after	Exchanges report to the tax authority on 2026 data, with the first reports due in 2027 under EU rules
50	Malaysia	0% / 0–30%	No capital gains tax means passive crypto profits are untaxed; active trading and business-scale mining count as business income at up to 30% — reward treatment is fact-dependent.	Non-resident traders: flat 30%	0% passive; 0-30% if trading is a business	Guidance updated by the Inland Revenue Board in December 2025
51	Malta	0% / 35%	Coins held as investments sit outside Malta's chargeable-asset list, so private gains go untaxed; business-like trading is income at up to 35%.	0%	0% private investment gains; up to 35% for business-scale trading	Guidance dates from 2018 — treatment follows the token's nature, not its label
52	Mauritius	0%	With no capital gains tax, investment-nature crypto gains are untaxed; revenue-nature trading joins gross income at the 0/10/20% scale.	0%	0% investment gains; 0-20% for revenue-nature trading	Licensed virtual-asset sector under a dedicated 2021 law
53	Monaco	0%	No income tax means no tax on crypto gains, swaps or staking for individuals — French nationals excepted.	0%	0% (personal)	No dedicated crypto statute — the zero rate is structural
54	Panama	0% / 10%	No crypto law exists — under territorial sourcing, genuinely foreign-source gains are untaxed — source follows the underlying activity, not the platform, while Panama-source crypto income follows the ordinary rules.	0% on genuinely foreign-source gains (platform location alone does not decide source) (prevailing reading)	0-25% where income is Panamanian-source	Crypto framework bill pending in the National Assembly
55	Qatar	0%	No personal tax reaches crypto gains — but the banking system is closed to crypto: financial institutions may not trade or process it.	0%	0% personal; 10% if run as a business	Banking channels closed to crypto since 2018
56	Saudi Arabia	0%	No personal income tax means personal crypto gains are untaxed; no dedicated crypto statute exists and banking channels remain cautious.	0%	0% personal; 20% if run as a business	No dedicated crypto statute or reporting regime
57	Singapore	0%	No capital gains tax means personal crypto gains are untaxed; trading as a business or earning crypto is taxed as income.	0%	0% on investment gains	No minimum holding period — unlike Portugal's 365-day rule
58	Slovenia	0% (no dedicated tax)	The planned 25% crypto-disposal tax was never enacted — the bill lapsed in parliament — so occasional private disposals remain untaxed; business-scale activity is taxable under general rules.	0% — the proposed 25% never took effect	0% on occasional private disposals (no dedicated tax in force)	25% crypto bill lapsed in parliament — not law
59	South Korea	0% (until 2027)	Taxation of virtual-asset gains has been deferred repeatedly — private crypto gains are untaxed until at least 2027, when a 20% regime is slated to begin.	KRW 2.5 million annual deduction (confirmed May 2026)	0% today; 20% (+2% local) confirmed to start on income from 1 January 2027	Business-scale trading can already be taxed as business income
60	Switzerland	0%	Private crypto gains are tax-free like any movable asset; holdings pay cantonal wealth tax, and mining/staking or professional trading is taxed as income.	Wealth tax ≈ 0.1%–1% a year on holdings (canton-dependent)	0% on private disposals	Professional-trader reclassification risk
61	Thailand	0% (to end-2029)	Gains on crypto sold through Thai-licensed exchanges, brokers or dealers are exempt from 1 January 2025 to 31 December 2029; off-exchange gains are ordinary income.	Band rates 0-35% for off-exchange gains	0% via licensed Thai venues (2025-2029)	Exemption set by a September 2025 ministerial regulation
62	United Arab Emirates	0%	No personal tax on crypto gains, staking or holdings; only business-scale activity above AED 1m turnover meets the corporate regime.	0%	0% (personal)	Business-scale crypto activity above AED 1m turnover: corporate tax
63	United States	0% / 15% / 20% (long-term)	Digital assets are property: capital gains rates apply — 0/15/20% after a year, ordinary rates up to 37% within it.	0% long-term rate up to $49,450 single / $98,900 joint	23.8% long-term / 40.8% short-term (with surtax)	Every filer answers a digital-asset question on Form 1040
64	Australia	Marginal rates, half basevaries	Crypto is a capital gains tax asset: marginal rates on the gain, halved after 12 months of holding; traders and miners pay income rates in full.	0% inside the tax-free threshold; personal-use asset exemption for small purchases	≈ 23.5% effective (long-held); 47% for traders	Crypto-to-crypto swaps are taxable disposals
65	Turkey	No dedicated taxvaries	Turkey has no crypto-specific tax in force — individual trading gains sit in a legal grey zone widely treated as untaxed; a proposed 0.03% transaction levy was withdrawn from parliament in March 2026.	Occasional gains widely treated as untaxed	None dedicated; business-scale trading taxed at 15-40%	March 2026 levy proposal withdrawn — no crypto tax in force

Japan#1

up to ≈ 55%

Crypto profits are miscellaneous income at full progressive rates — the planned 20.315% flat regime for exchange-traded crypto is expected around 2028, not yet law.

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Denmark#2

up to ≈ 52%

Crypto gains are speculative personal income at up to 52.07% — while losses deduct at only about 26%, an unusually harsh asymmetry.

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Chile#3

0–40%

Crypto gains are ordinary income on the progressive scale — no dedicated regime, no flat rate, cost documentation required.

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Ecuador#4

0–37%

No dedicated crypto rules — holding and trading are legal, payments through banks are barred, and realized gains are ordinary income on the scale.

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Netherlands#5

36% of a deemed return

Crypto is Box 3 wealth: no tax on selling, but holdings above the allowance are deemed to yield a fixed 6.00% and taxed at 36% — roughly 2.2% of value a year.

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Philippines#6

0–35%

No dedicated crypto tax exists — gains join ordinary income, with only half the gain counted after a 12-month hold; traders and miners pay full income rates.

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Ireland#7

33%

Crypto gains are ordinary capital gains: flat 33% with the €1,270 annual exemption; frequent trading can be taxed as income instead.

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Italy#8

33%

33% substitute tax on crypto gains from 1 January 2026 (up from 26%), with a 26% carve-out for qualifying euro stablecoins.

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France#9

31.4%

Flat tax on gains when you cash out to euros or spend crypto; crypto-to-crypto swaps are not taxable events.

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Finland#10

30% / 34%

Crypto gains are capital income (30%/34%); every swap and purchase is a disposal, and the presumptive-cost rule applies here too.

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Peru#11

Unsettled / 8–30%

No dedicated crypto law — and the tax authority's own 2023 reading finds no basis to tax individuals' occasional gains under current rules, while an announced 5% codification stays unenacted.

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Sweden#12

30%

Crypto gains are capital income at 30%; only 70% of losses offset, and every disposal — including swaps — must be reported on form K4.

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Portugal#13

28% / 0%

28% flat on gains from crypto held 365 days or less; hold longer than a year and the gain is exempt.

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Austria#14

27.5%

Flat 27.5% on crypto gains regardless of holding period; crypto-to-crypto swaps are tax-neutral by statute, and native staking rewards are taxed only when later sold.

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Canada#15

≈ 24 – 27% / full rates

Crypto held as capital property gets the 50% inclusion; business-like trading and crypto pay are fully taxed as income; mining is business income where run commercially, and reward classification is fact-specific.

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Latvia#16

25.5%

Crypto assets are named capital assets — gains pay the flat 25.5%; non-residents' publicly circulated crypto gains are exempt through 2027 — the relief applies only to disposals through businesses licensed to provide crypto-asset services under the EU framework.

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Estonia#17

22%

Crypto gains are ordinary income at 22% — the investment account defers tax until withdrawal, and since 2025 losses on trades via licensed European platforms are deductible.

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Norway#18

22%

Crypto gains are general income at a flat 22% (no 1.72 multiplier); holdings join the ~1% wealth tax; mining and staking rewards are income.

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Poland#19

19%

Flat 19% on crypto profits when converted to cash or spent — coin-to-coin swaps are entirely tax-free.

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Slovakia#20

19% – 35%

Crypto gains are ordinary other income on the progressive scale, plus a 15% health insurance contribution — the once-announced 7% long-hold regime was repealed before it ever applied.

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Spain#21

19% – 30%

Crypto gains are ordinary savings income on the 19%–30% scale; mining is business income at up to 47%.

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South Africa#22

18% – 45%

No dedicated crypto tax. The revenue service treats crypto as an intangible asset and applies normal income and capital gains rules.

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United Kingdom#23

18% / 24%

Crypto follows the standard capital gains rates with the £3,000 exemption; no holding-period relief; trading and mining are income.

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Romania#24

16%

Crypto gains pay 16% from 2026 (up from 10%) as income from other sources, with a small-transaction exemption of RON 200.

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Argentina#25

15%

Crypto is a financial asset: disposal gains pay the flat 15% (5% for peso-denominated non-adjusted instruments), and holdings join the annual wealth tax.

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Colombia#26

15% / 0–39%

Crypto counts as an intangible asset: gains after a 2-year hold pay the flat 15% capital-gains rate, quicker sales and trading ride the 0-39% scale.

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Greece#27

15% (proposed)

No dedicated crypto tax is in force yet; a pending bill would charge a flat 15% on gains above a EUR 500 annual exemption.

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Hungary#28

15%

Crypto traded on exchanges pays a flat 15% with no social tax, full loss offsetting and unlimited loss carryforward — one of Europe's cleaner regimes.

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Lithuania#29

15% / 32%

Crypto gains are other-property income: 15% up to 12 average wages of combined non-employment income (EUR 27,745.80), the excess at 20/25/32%; a EUR 2,500 yearly other-property exemption applies, and crypto is barred from the tax-deferred investment account.

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Montenegro#30

15%

No dedicated crypto rules exist — disposal gains are read into the flat 15% capital regime, with business-scale trading taxed as entrepreneurial income.

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Croatia#31

12% / 0%

Crypto follows the financial-asset rules: 12% on gains realized within 2 years, exempt after — and coin-to-coin swaps aren't taxable events.

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Uruguay#32

12%

No dedicated crypto rules exist — practitioners treat gains as capital income at the flat 12%, and the 2026 broadening of foreign-income rules means even foreign-held coins now point to 12%.

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New Zealand#33

10.5% – 39%

No capital gains tax doesn't save crypto: the tax office presumes coins are bought to sell, making most disposal profits ordinary income at marginal rates.

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Andorra#34

10%

Crypto gains are savings income: flat 10% after the EUR 3,000 exemption. No dedicated crypto tax exists.

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Belgium#35

10%

From 2026 crypto gains fall under the new 10% financial-assets tax (€10,000 exemption); speculative trading 33%; professional activity at progressive rates.

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Bulgaria#36

10%

Crypto gains are netted annually, reduced by a 10% fixed deduction and taxed at the flat 10% — an effective 9% on net profits.

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Cyprus#37

A dedicated flat 8% income tax on crypto gains from 2026 — covering sales, swaps, gifts and payments — with mining taxed under the normal rules.

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Mexico#38

1.92% – 35%

Mexico has no crypto-specific statute: disposals are taxed under the general property rules at scale rates, with business-scale trading as ordinary business income.

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Indonesia#39

0.21%

Selling crypto costs a final 0.21% of the transaction value on licensed domestic platforms — 1% if you trade on foreign or unappointed platforms.

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Vietnam#40

0.1%

Digital-asset transfers are taxed at 0.1% of the gross transfer price — the same flat treatment as securities, applied through licensed platforms.

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Bahrain#41

No tax on personal crypto gains or trading. Bahrain regulates the industry through Central Bank of Bahrain (CBB) licensing rather than taxation.

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Belize#42

No crypto-specific rules exist, and with no capital gains tax, personal crypto gains are generally untaxed. Business-scale trading could attract business tax.

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Costa Rica#43

0% / 15%

No dedicated crypto rules — the tax authority treats coins as intangible assets: local-source gains pay the 15% capital rate, foreign-platform gains are generally untaxed.

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Czech Republic#44

0% / 15–23%

Crypto held 3+ years is exempt up to CZK 40 million a year; disposals under CZK 100,000 a year are always tax-free; the rest is ordinary income — electronic-money tokens (stablecoins) are excluded from this value exemption.

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El Salvador#45

Bitcoin exchanges are exempt from capital gains tax, digital assets within the regulated LEAD ecosystem carry their own exemption, and genuinely foreign-source gains fall outside the territorial net — source is fact-based, not set by the platform's domicile.

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Georgia#46

Individual crypto gains are classified as foreign-source income and are therefore untaxed. No dedicated crypto tax exists.

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Germany#47

0% / up to 45%

Private crypto held over 1 year: tax-free. Sold within a year: progressive rates, but only if total private gains reach €1,000.

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Hong Kong#48

0% / 15%

Investment crypto gains are untaxed like any capital gain; business-scale trading falls under the two-tier profits tax (7.5% on the first HKD 2 million, 15% above); crypto salaries are taxable pay.

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Luxembourg#49

0% after 6 months

Crypto follows the movable-asset rules: tax-free after 6 months' holding, full progressive rates on quicker sales above €500 a year.

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Malaysia#50

0% / 0–30%

No capital gains tax means passive crypto profits are untaxed; active trading and business-scale mining count as business income at up to 30% — reward treatment is fact-dependent.

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Malta#51

0% / 35%

Coins held as investments sit outside Malta's chargeable-asset list, so private gains go untaxed; business-like trading is income at up to 35%.

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Mauritius#52

With no capital gains tax, investment-nature crypto gains are untaxed; revenue-nature trading joins gross income at the 0/10/20% scale.

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Monaco#53

No income tax means no tax on crypto gains, swaps or staking for individuals — French nationals excepted.

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Panama#54

0% / 10%

No crypto law exists — under territorial sourcing, genuinely foreign-source gains are untaxed — source follows the underlying activity, not the platform, while Panama-source crypto income follows the ordinary rules.

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Qatar#55

No personal tax reaches crypto gains — but the banking system is closed to crypto: financial institutions may not trade or process it.

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Saudi Arabia#56

No personal income tax means personal crypto gains are untaxed; no dedicated crypto statute exists and banking channels remain cautious.

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Singapore#57

No capital gains tax means personal crypto gains are untaxed; trading as a business or earning crypto is taxed as income.

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Slovenia#58

0% (no dedicated tax)

The planned 25% crypto-disposal tax was never enacted — the bill lapsed in parliament — so occasional private disposals remain untaxed; business-scale activity is taxable under general rules.

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South Korea#59

0% (until 2027)

Taxation of virtual-asset gains has been deferred repeatedly — private crypto gains are untaxed until at least 2027, when a 20% regime is slated to begin.

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Switzerland#60

Private crypto gains are tax-free like any movable asset; holdings pay cantonal wealth tax, and mining/staking or professional trading is taxed as income.

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Thailand#61

0% (to end-2029)

Gains on crypto sold through Thai-licensed exchanges, brokers or dealers are exempt from 1 January 2025 to 31 December 2029; off-exchange gains are ordinary income.

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United Arab Emirates#62

No personal tax on crypto gains, staking or holdings; only business-scale activity above AED 1m turnover meets the corporate regime.

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United States#63

0% / 15% / 20% (long-term)

Digital assets are property: capital gains rates apply — 0/15/20% after a year, ordinary rates up to 37% within it.

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Australia#64

Marginal rates, half base

Crypto is a capital gains tax asset: marginal rates on the gain, halved after 12 months of holding; traders and miners pay income rates in full.

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Turkey#65

No dedicated tax

Turkey has no crypto-specific tax in force — individual trading gains sit in a legal grey zone widely treated as untaxed; a proposed 0.03% transaction levy was withdrawn from parliament in March 2026.

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Source: 2026 tax dataset · updated 2026-07-11 · rates are headline figures — see each country's tax guide for the full picture.

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