Special tax regimes around the world

Impost sobre la Renda de les Persones Físiques (IRPF)

The resident income tax: 0% to EUR 24,000, 5% to EUR 40,000, 10% above — the 10% is the income-tax ceiling — though property flipped within 2 years carries a separate 15% charge.

Andorran-dividend exemption

Dividends from Andorran companies reach resident shareholders at 0%.

10-year property exemption

Resident individuals selling Andorran real estate after 10 years of ownership pay 0% on the gain.

Inflation-proofed brackets

Brackets and allowances re-index every January and July with consumer prices — figures move constantly, rates stay 5-35%.

Listed shares tax-free

Gains on shares quoted and traded on Argentine exchanges are exempt for residents and cooperative-jurisdiction foreigners alike.

Flat 7% dividends

Dividends from Argentine companies carry a 7% final withholding — no further tax, whoever the shareholder.

Peso savings exempt

Interest on peso savings accounts and fixed-term deposits (inflation-adjusted included) and on government bonds is tax-free.

No federal inheritance tax

Estates and gifts pass free federally — only Buenos Aires Province taxes them, at roughly 2-9%.

Temporary resident exemption

On a temporary visa, foreign income and foreign capital gains are simply outside Australian tax — only Australian-source income and employment earnings count.

Franking (imputation) credits

Dividends carry credits for the 25–30% company tax already paid; individuals use them against their own tax and are refunded any excess in cash.

Superannuation

Employers pay 12% of salary into your fund; contributions and fund earnings are taxed at 15%, and withdrawals after age 60 are tax-free.

No inheritance or gift tax

Estates pass free of death duties; heirs inherit the asset's capital gains history instead of paying tax up front.

50% capital gains discount

Hold qualifying assets — shares, property, crypto — more than 12 months and only half the gain is taxed at your marginal rate.

13th and 14th salary at 6%

Holiday and Christmas pay — standard in Austrian contracts — is taxed at a flat 6% (first €620 free), cutting a typical employee's effective rate by several points.

No inheritance or gift tax

Abolished in 2008 — estates and gifts pass tax-free, with only reporting duties and property-transfer fees remaining.

Crypto at a clean 27.5%

Since 2022 crypto gains and rewards pay the flat 27.5% whatever the holding period — and coin-to-coin swaps are simply not taxable events.

Expatriate deduction

Temporary transferees (max 5 years, no Austrian residence in the prior 10) can deduct a flat 20% of salary up to €10,000 a year, or itemise housing and school costs.

Automatic inflation indexing

Since 2023 the bracket thresholds and main credits rise with inflation every January — no more cold progression.

Zero personal income tax

No tax on salaries, business profits, dividends, interest, gains or worldwide income of individuals — 0% across the board.

Social insurance step-up (Law 14 of 2022)

The employer share for Bahraini staff rises 1 point each January — 18% in 2026, continuing through 2028.

Domestic minimum top-up tax (DMTT)

Since 1 January 2025 large multinationals pay a 15% minimum tax on Bahrain profits — companies only, individuals untouched.

New expat regime (inbound taxpayers and researchers)

Recruited from abroad on €70,000+ (no salary floor for researchers)? Up to 35% of pay can be reimbursed tax-free as employer costs, for 5 years extendable to 8.

New 10% capital gains tax (2026)

From 1 January 2026 gains on shares, bonds, funds and crypto are taxed at 10% above €10,000 a year — with all value growth before 2026 permanently grandfathered.

No wealth tax — but a securities-accounts levy

Portfolios in accounts above €1 million pay an annual 0.30% — doubled from 0.15% by the December 2025 programme law, applying to reference periods ending on or after 30 December 2025 (so the period ending 30 September 2026 is covered).

Regional inheritance planning

Flanders, Brussels and Wallonia each run their own inheritance and gift tariffs — moving region (or gifting movable assets at 3%) can transform the bill.

Copyright income regime

Qualifying copyright royalties are taxed at just 15% after generous cost deductions, up to €77,220 a year.

Qualified Retired Persons (QRP) programme

From age 40 with US$2,000 a month of foreign retirement income, Belize exempts your foreign-source income, gains and inheritances.

Territorial framework

Belizean tax is built around Belize-source income — most foreign-source income falls outside the net.

Business tax on gross receipts

The self-employed skip income tax and instead pay 1.75% to 15% of turnover depending on the trade.

10% flat tax

One rate on salaries, freelance income, rents and gains — the lowest general rate in the European Union.

Listed-share exemption

Gains on shares traded on Bulgarian and other European Economic Area exchanges and growth markets are tax-free.

Tax-free bank interest

Interest on deposits with banks in the European Economic Area is exempt, as is government and corporate bond interest.

Family inheritance exemption

Spouses and direct-line relatives inherit and receive gifts with no tax; others get a EUR 127,823 per-heir exemption.

Half-taxed capital gains

Only 50% of a capital gain is included in income — the effective top rate on gains is about 24–27% depending on province.

CAD 1.25M lifetime exemption

Gains on qualifying small-business shares and farm or fishing property are tax-free up to CAD 1,275,000 (2026, indexation resumed) per person.

Tax-free wrappers

The tax-free savings account (CAD 7,000 a year), first-home savings account and registered retirement savings plan shelter savings at every stage.

No inheritance tax — but deemed disposition

Death and gifts trigger capital gains on paper profits at fair market value; spousal transfers roll over tax-free.

Newcomer 3-year window

Foreigners who settle in Chile pay tax only on Chilean-source income for their first 3 years — extendable in qualified cases.

Listed shares: flat 10%

Gains on actively traded Chilean exchange shares pay a 10% single tax instead of the progressive scale.

Lifetime property-gain shield

Individuals get a once-per-lifetime exemption of 8,000 inflation-indexed units (UF) of home and property gains, with a flat 10% election on the excess.

Foreign pensions tax-free

Pensions from foreign sources are not considered income at all — a standing draw for retirees.

Foreign technicians exempt

Expat professionals covered by a scheme abroad can opt out of Chilean social security in their contract.

High tax-free entry

The first 1,090 tax value units — about COP 57 million in 2026 — are taxed at 0%, so many salaries owe little or nothing.

No inheritance tax as such

Estates and gifts are taxed as capital gains at a flat 15%, with allowances for the family home and each heir's share.

Flat 15% on patient capital

Sell any fixed asset after 2 years of ownership and the gain leaves the 0-39% scale for a flat 15%.

Andean Community rule

Income arising in Bolivia, Ecuador or Peru is generally taxed only there — not again in Colombia.

Simplified regime for small business

The simplified taxation regime (SIMPLE) replaces income and turnover taxes with 1.2-8.3% of gross receipts, for incomes up to 100,000 tax value units.

Foreign income: 0%

The territorial system leaves foreign salaries, pensions, investment income and gains untaxed — a cornerstone of Costa Rica's expat appeal.

No return for most employees

Salary tax is a final monthly withholding at 0-25% — with no other income there is no return, ever.

Flat 15% on capital

Dividends, interest, rents and capital gains all settle at 15% (7% for Popular Bank securities).

No inheritance or gift tax

Inheritances, bequests and gifts are excluded from income — 0% whoever gives or receives.

25% no-receipt deduction

From 2026, every independent service provider can deduct a flat 25% of gross income with no receipts at all.

Returnee exemption

Croatian citizens moving back after 2+ years abroad pay no income tax on employment income for 5 years (from 2025).

Youth discounts

Employees 25 or younger get a 100% cut of their tax on income up to EUR 60,000; ages 26–30 get 50%.

2-year investor clock

Gains on shares, funds and crypto are tax-free once held over 2 years; property sold after 2 years is exempt too.

City-set rates

Municipalities choose your rate within national bands — small towns can undercut Zagreb by up to 8 points.

Non-dom regime

Residents without Cypriot domicile pay no defence contribution — dividends and interest cost only the 2.65% health charge, capped, for 17 years — but dividends paid out of profits earned up to 31 December 2025 keep the old 17% rate if received by the end of 2031.

50% expat exemption

First-time Cyprus employees earning over EUR 55,000 exclude half their salary from tax for up to 17 years.

No capital gains tax on securities

Shares and fund gains are tax-free; only Cyprus real estate (and property-rich companies) faces the 20% gains tax.

Flat 8% crypto rate (new 2026)

Selling, swapping, gifting or spending crypto is taxed at just 8% — one of Europe's lowest dedicated rates.

3-year securities exemption

Shares and fund units held 3+ years sell tax-free — and from 2026 the CZK 40 million cap on that exemption is gone.

Crypto time test

Crypto held 3+ years is exempt up to CZK 40 million a year; small disposals under CZK 100,000 a year are always tax-free — electronic-money tokens (stablecoins) are excluded from this value exemption.

No inheritance or gift tax in the family

Inheritances are always tax-free; gifts among relatives and household members are exempt too.

Lump-sum regime for the self-employed

Qualifying sole traders can replace tax, social and health with one flat monthly payment.

Expat researcher scheme (27% flat)

Recruited from abroad on at least DKK 67,400 a month (researchers exempt from the floor)? A 27% flat tax plus the 8% contribution — 32.84% total — for up to 84 months.

2026 three-tier top tax

The 15% top tax became 7.5% middle + 7.5% top + 5% 'top-top' — 280,000 Danes now pay half the old top rate, while incomes above DKK 2.6 million pay more.

Stock savings account

Up to DKK 174,200 invested in listed shares is taxed at just 17% a year on the account's growth instead of 27%/42%.

Tax-free home sales

Gains on your owner-occupied home are exempt without holding-period conditions — the parcel rules are the only fine print.

No inheritance tax between spouses

Spouses inherit at 0%; children pay 15% above a DKK 392,300 allowance, and family businesses pass at a reduced 10%.

Newcomer 5-year window

First-time residents pay only on Ecuadorian income for up to 5 years — by investing USD 150,000 in property or productive assets, or showing USD 2,500+ of monthly foreign income and joining social security.

Foreign income taxed abroad: exempt

Income already taxed in another (non-haven) country is exempt in Ecuador, with an ordinary credit as the backstop.

Savings interest tax-free

Interest on savings accounts and qualifying long-term deposits and exchange-traded instruments is exempt.

Personal-expense reduction

18% of documented living costs — rent, food, health, education, tourism — comes off your tax, capped at 7 to 20 monthly food baskets (USD 821.06 each) by family size.

Occasional property gains exempt

Up to two real-estate sales a year outside a business escape income tax entirely.

Foreign income: 0%

Foreign salaries, deposits, securities, rents, gains and pensions of residents are excluded from income tax entirely.

Bitcoin gains tax-free

Bitcoin exchanges remain exempt from capital gains tax after the 2025 reform, and digital assets within the regulated digital-assets ecosystem — Ley de Emisión de Activos Digitales (LEAD) — carry their own exemption.

Patient property sellers exempt

Occasional sales of real estate held more than 6 years pay nothing; other non-habitual gains pay a flat 10% after a 12-month hold.

New-investment talent rate

Technical and managerial staff of qualifying new investments pay 10% on their first USD 100,000 a year — and the excess is exempt.

No inheritance tax

Inheritances and bequests are exempt income, as are gifts to spouses, children, grandchildren, parents and grandparents.

Universal exemption (new 2026)

The 'tax hump' is gone — EUR 8,400 a year is tax-free at every income level, no phase-out.

Investment account

Trade shares, funds, bonds — and crypto bought through licensed European providers — inside the account system; tax falls due only when you withdraw more than you put in.

Tax-free dividends

Estonian dividends carry no shareholder tax — the company's 22% distribution tax settles everything.

No inheritance or gift tax

Estates and gifts pass entirely untaxed — though heirs inherit a nil cost basis for later sales.

Key employee regime (25% flat)

Foreign specialists earning €5,800+ a month pay a flat 25% on Finnish salary for up to 84 months — cut from 32% in 2026, and now open to returning Finns (for 60 months).

Share investment account

Deposit up to €100,000 into an osakesäästötili and dividends and gains compound tax-free until you withdraw more than you put in.

Unquoted-company dividends

Dividends within 8% of a private company's net-asset value are only 25% taxable up to €150,000 — an effective rate near 7.5% for owner-entrepreneurs.

2-year home exemption

Sell a dwelling you owned and lived in for 2+ continuous years and the gain is entirely tax-free.

Presumptive cost deduction

Instead of actual cost, deduct a deemed 20% of the sale price (40% after 10 years' ownership) — a built-in cap on gains tax for long-held assets.

Impatriate regime (régime des impatriés)

Move to France for a job after 5+ years abroad and your expat bonus (or a notional 30% of pay) plus foreign-workday pay is tax-exempt — capped at 50% of total remuneration — through the 8th year, with half your foreign investment income exempt too.

Flat tax (prélèvement forfaitaire unique)

One 31.4% rate settles dividends, interest, share gains and crypto — no progressive bands unless you elect them, which only pays off at low incomes.

Family quotient

Household income is divided into parts (2 for a couple, +0.5 per child, +1 from the third child) before the bands apply — large families pay strikingly less, capped at €1,807 of benefit per extra half-part.

Real-estate wealth tax (impôt sur la fortune immobilière)

Property holdings above €1.3 million net are taxed at 0.5%–1.5% on value over €800,000 — but only real estate counts, and newcomers pay on French property alone for their first 5 years.

No inheritance tax between spouses

A surviving spouse or civil partner inherits with 0% tax; children get €100,000 each tax-free, then bands of 5%–45%.

Small Business Status

Registered individual entrepreneurs pay 1% of turnover instead of 20% of profit, up to GEL 500,000 of yearly turnover.

Territorial taxation

Residents pay Georgian tax only on Georgian-source income — foreign salaries, dividends and gains stay outside the net.

High-net-worth individual (HNWI) residency

A wealth-based route grants tax residency without meeting the 183-day physical presence test.

Income splitting for couples

Joint filers are taxed as if each earned half — worth thousands a year when incomes differ.

Crypto: tax-free after one year

Private crypto held over 12 months is exempt from tax entirely — one of Europe's cleanest holding-period rules.

Property: tax-free after ten years

Privately held real estate escapes tax after a 10-year holding period (or when it was your own home).

Active pension

From 2026, people past retirement age can keep working and earn up to €2,000 a month tax-free.

Non-dom lump sum

EUR 100,000 a year settles Greek tax on all foreign income for up to 15 years — a EUR 500,000 Greek investment is the entry ticket.

7% pensioner rate

Foreign retirees who move their residence pay a flat 7% on all foreign income for 15 years.

50% inbound worker discount

New residents taking a Greek job or business pay income tax on only half their employment earnings for 7 years.

Property gains tax freeze

The 15% tax on real estate gains is suspended through 31 December 2026 — selling property costs 0% income tax today.

Territorial taxation

Only Hong Kong-source income is taxed — foreign earnings, dividends and gains stay tax-free even when brought in.

15% ceiling

However high your salary, tax never exceeds the standard rate — 15% (16% above HKD 5 million of net income).

Nothing on capital

No capital gains tax, no dividend tax, no interest tax for individuals, no estate duty since 2006.

60-day visit rule

Non-Hong Kong employees visiting 60 days or less in a year pay no salaries tax at all.

Under-25 exemption

Employment income before your 25th birthday is tax-free up to the national average wage.

Mothers' exemptions

Lifetime income-tax exemption for mothers of four (and three from October 2025); mothers of two join from 2026, starting with under-40s.

Long-term investment account

Hold investments 5 years in a long-term investment account (TBSZ) and gains and interest are completely tax-free (10% after 3 years).

Family inheritance exemption

Spouses, children, grandchildren and parents inherit and receive gifts entirely tax-free.

Expert-expat territorial window

Foreign nationals with special expertise in science, technology, engineering or mathematics pay tax on Indonesian income only for their first 4 years of residence.

Dividend reinvestment exemption

Domestic dividends are tax-free if you keep them invested inside Indonesia for a minimum of 3 years — otherwise a 10% final tax applies.

Tiny final taxes on trades

Listed-share sales cost 0.1% of the transaction and crypto trades 0.21% on licensed exchanges — flat, final, and done.

No inheritance or gift tax

Estates pass at 0%, and inheritances are exempt income in the heir's hands.

Small-business 0.5% final tax

Entrepreneurs with turnover up to IDR 4.8 billion can pay 0.5% of gross turnover, with the first IDR 500 million tax-free.

Remittance basis for the non-domiciled

Live in Ireland without being domiciled there and foreign income and gains are only taxed if you bring the money into Ireland.

SARP — the Special Assignee Relief Programme

Assigned to Ireland by your employer? 30% of salary between €125,000 and €1 million escapes income tax, for up to 5 years (scheme runs to 2030).

Foreign Earnings Deduction

Up to €50,000 of salary exempt for employees spending 30+ days a year developing listed emerging markets, through 2030.

Age exemption

Over 65 with income under €18,000 (€36,000 for couples)? No income tax at all.

Inbound-worker regime (lavoratori impatriati)

Move your tax residence to Italy for a qualifying skilled job and 50% of your employment or professional income up to €600,000 escapes tax for 5 years — 60% with a dependent child.

Flat tax for new residents (neo-residenti)

Wealthy newcomers can replace all tax on foreign income with a fixed €300,000 a year (arrivals from 2026; earlier arrivals keep their old €100,000 or €200,000 price), plus €50,000 per family member, for up to 15 years.

7% pensioner regime

Retire on a foreign pension to a small town in southern Italy after 5+ years abroad and all your foreign income is taxed at a flat 7% for up to 10 years.

Researchers and professors

Academics returning after 2+ years abroad pay tax on only 10% of their Italian salary, for 6 years — stretching to 8, 11 or 13 with a home purchase or children.

Flat-rate scheme for the self-employed (forfettario)

Freelancers with receipts up to €85,000 can swap normal tax for a 15% flat rate on deemed profit — dropping to 5% during a new activity's first 5 years.

20.315% investor rate

Listed dividends, share gains and long-held property sales are taxed at a flat 20.315% — far below the 56% top salary rate.

NISA wrapper

Invest up to JPY 3.6 million a year (JPY 18 million lifetime) with all dividends and gains permanently tax-free; a child NISA arrives under the 2026 reform.

Non-permanent resident status

Foreigners resident under 5 of the past 10 years pay Japanese tax only on Japan-source income and foreign income paid into or remitted to Japan.

55% inheritance tax

Estates above JPY 600 million per statutory share face 55% — with a 10-year tail that can follow Japanese-connected families abroad.

Remote-worker 15%

Digital-nomad visa holders working for an employer in another developed country can elect a flat 15% on that pay.

Exempt dividends

Dividends from post-2017 profits that bore corporate tax reach you with 0% personal tax.

Micro-enterprise tax

Small businesses can swap income tax and social contributions for a single 25% tax on turnover.

No inheritance or gift tax

Estates pass tax-free, and gifts from close relatives are always exempt.

5-year share rule

Shares held over 5 years sell at a flat 15% — never touching the 32% band.

Investment account

Since 2025, listed investments grow tax-deferred; only withdrawals above contributions are taxed, at a flat 15%.

Family inheritance exemption

Spouses, children, parents, grandchildren and siblings inherit free of the 5–10% inheritance tax.

Share options

Employee shares from options held 3+ years from grant arrive tax-free, and their sale is taxed at a flat 15%.

Impatriate regime

Recruited to Luxembourg on €75,000+? An impatriation premium is 50% tax-exempt up to 50% of your salary (premium capped at €400,000), plus tax-free relocation and housing costs to €50,000 — for up to 8 years.

6-month capital gains exemption

Sell shares, funds or crypto after more than 6 months and the private gain is simply untaxed — only quick flips and 10%+ stakes are caught.

Profit-sharing premium

Employers can pay a bonus that is 50% tax-free, up to 30% of your annual salary, within a pool of 7.5% of company profits.

No wealth tax, minimal death taxes

The net wealth tax on individuals ended in 2006; spouses inherit at 0% and children pay nothing on their lawful share.

Young employee bonus

Under-30s on a first permanent contract get a bonus that is 75% tax-exempt — up to €5,000 a year for salaries below €50,000, for 5 years.

No capital gains tax for individuals

Share and fund profits are tax-free for individuals — only real property (and shares in property-heavy companies) gets taxed, at 0-30% by holding period.

Foreign income exemption to 2036

Foreign income a resident brings into Malaysia is exempt until 31 December 2036, provided the 'subject to tax' condition is met — actual foreign tax, or qualifying non-taxation such as source-country exemptions, thresholds or incentives.

No inheritance or gift tax

Estates and gifts pass tax-free — Malaysia charges 0% whatever the amount.

Returning expert programme: 15%

Malaysian specialists returning from abroad can lock in a flat 15% on employment income for 5 years.

Global services hub: 15%

Up to 3 senior non-citizen hires of an approved hub company pay a flat 15%, with a basic salary of at least MYR 35,000 a month.

Remittance basis

Non-domiciled residents pay Maltese tax only on local income and foreign income brought into Malta — foreign capital gains are never taxed, remitted or not.

No inheritance, wealth or property tax

Nothing yearly on wealth or real estate, and estates pass free of inheritance tax — only 2–5% stamp duty on Maltese property and shares.

15% expat regimes

Highly qualified employees, residence-programme members and family-office staff can lock in a flat 15%.

Family bands (new 2026)

Married parents with two or more children pay 0% on their first EUR 22,500 and only reach 35% above EUR 60,000.

Remittance basis

Residents pay tax on foreign income only to the extent it is remitted to Mauritius — offshore earnings left offshore stay untaxed.

No capital gains tax

Shares, property, funds, crypto — investment gains are simply not taxed, for residents and non-residents alike.

Tax-free dividends

Dividends from Mauritius-resident companies are exempt, with no withholding even for foreign shareholders.

10-year expat exemptions

Licensed asset and fund managers (USD 50 million+ under management) and returning diaspora members enjoy 10-year income exemptions; USD 25 million investors get 5 years.

Premium visa for remote workers

Remote-work income is taxed only when remitted — and spending through a foreign card does not count as remittance.

RESICO — Simplified Trust Regime

Businesses, professionals and landlords earning up to MXN 3.5 million pay 1–2.5% of gross receipts, no deductions, minimal paperwork.

10% stock-market rate

Gains on shares sold through the Mexican Stock Exchange bear a flat, final 10%.

Tax-free inheritances and family gifts

No estate or gift tax exists — inheritances are exempt, as are gifts between spouses, parents and children.

Home-sale exemption

Selling your own dwelling is exempt up to 700,000 investment units — about MXN 6.07 million.

0% on everything personal

No tax on salaries, rents received, dividends, interest, capital gains, crypto or wealth — and no personal tax return, for any nationality except French.

The French exception

French nationals who moved to Monaco after 1962 pay French income tax as if they never left — and post-1988 arrivals face the French real-estate wealth tax too.

Business turnover line

Run a commercial or industrial business earning more than 25% of turnover outside Monaco and those profits meet the 25% business profits tax.

Family estates pass free

Inheritance tax applies only to Monaco-situated assets — at 0% for spouses and the direct line, rising to 16% only for unrelated heirs.

Salaries taxed at 0/9/15%

Nothing on the first EUR 700 a month, 9% to EUR 1,000, 15% beyond — among the lowest wage taxes in Europe.

Flat 15% on capital

Dividends, interest, rents, royalties and capital gains all settle at 15%, usually withheld at source.

Pensions tax-free

Retirement pensions carry 0% income tax (public servants' pensions excepted).

Main-home sales exempt

Selling your only and main residence produces no taxable gain, and property gifted to first-degree relatives is exempt too.

Cheap self-employment

Small entrepreneurs with turnover up to EUR 30,000 can pay a fixed lump-sum tax bundle of roughly EUR 413 to 3,984 a year.

30% ruling (expat facility)

Skilled hires recruited from abroad can receive 30% of salary tax-free for up to 5 years (27% for new entrants from 2027) — minimum salary €48,013, or €36,497 for under-30s with a master's degree.

Box 3 deemed-return system

Wealth above €59,357 is taxed at 36% on assumed yields (a fixed 6.00% for investments, 1.3% for savings in 2026) — with a rebuttal option if your real return was lower, and a switch to taxing actual returns planned for 2028.

No tax on realised gains

Private investors pay no capital gains tax when they sell shares or crypto — the annual Box 3 charge on holdings replaces it (5%+ company stakes excepted).

Business-succession relief

A family business passing by gift or inheritance is up to 100% exempt on going-concern value to €1,543,500, if heirs continue it for 5 years.

No wealth tax, no local income tax

Box 3 aside, the Netherlands charges no separate net wealth tax, and municipalities tax property, not income.

No capital gains tax

Shares and long-held assets sell tax-free — only land bought to flip and residential property sold within 2 years are taxed.

Transitional resident exemption

New migrants and returning Kiwis (10+ years away) pay no tax on most foreign income for 48 months.

No social security contributions

Only a small accident-compensation levy (~1.4%) comes out of pay; KiwiSaver retirement saving is voluntary.

No inheritance or gift taxes

Estate duty and gift duty are both abolished — no tax charge arises on death or gifts, though inherited assets can carry later income or property-rule consequences.

Pay-as-you-earn (PAYE) scheme for foreign workers

Non-resident (and first-year) employees can choose a flat 25% withheld from gross salary — no deductions, no filing, done.

Wealth tax from NOK 1.9 million

About 1% a year on worldwide net wealth above NOK 1.9 million (double for couples), 1.1% above NOK 21.5 million — with valuation discounts doing the real planning work.

Exit tax with a 12-year clock

Leave with more than NOK 3 million of unrealised share gains and Norway taxes them — payable over 12 years, or at once with interest, and dividends erode the deferral.

Shielding deduction on shares

A risk-free return on your investment (a rate set annually — 3.6% for 2025) is carved out of dividends and gains tax-free every year before the 37.84% bites.

No inheritance tax

Abolished in 2014 — but heirs inherit the old cost basis, so the capital gains bill survives death.

Foreign income: 0%

The territorial system never touches income earned abroad — foreign salaries, dividends, interest, gains and pensions all pass tax-free.

Bank interest tax-free

Interest on savings and term deposits with banks established in Panama is exempt, as are government securities and their gains.

No inheritance, gift or wealth taxes

Inheritances, legacies and gifts are exempt income, and nothing taxes what you own.

Flat 10% capital gains

Property and share gains pay 10%, often settled by a small withholding on the price that you can simply leave as final.

Small-business scale

Registered micro and small entrepreneurs with gross income up to PAB 500,000 use reduced rates of 7.5% to 22.5%.

Capital income at 5%

Rent, interest and capital gains are taxed at 6.25% on 80% of the gross — an effective 5%, far below the work-income scale.

Bank interest tax-free

Interest on deposits with the Peruvian financial system is exempt for individuals through 31 December 2026.

No wealth, inheritance or gift taxes

Peru charges 0% on estates, gifts and net wealth — only a 3% municipal transfer tax touches property purchases.

Pensions tax-free

Pensions arising from employment are exempt from income tax — including foreign pensions of residents.

Main-home sales exempt

Selling your principal dwelling (or personal movable property) produces no taxable gain, as long as you are not in the property business.

Foreign residents: local income only

Resident aliens pay Philippine tax only on Philippine-source income — foreign salaries, dividends and gains stay outside the net; only resident citizens are taxed worldwide.

8% flat tax for small business

Self-employed people and professionals with receipts up to PHP 3 million can pay a flat 8% on gross receipts above PHP 250,000 instead of the scale and percentage tax.

Flat 6% estate and gift taxes

Estates pay 6% after a PHP 5 million standard deduction (family home up to 10 million more); gifts pay 6% above PHP 250,000 a year.

Cheap stock trading

Selling listed shares costs a 0.1% transaction tax instead of income tax — cut from 0.6% by the 2025 capital-markets law.

Retirement account perks

Personal Equity and Retirement Account (PERA) savers get a 5% tax credit on contributions up to PHP 200,000 a year (400,000 for overseas Filipinos) and tax-free investment income.

Return-to-Poland relief

New tax residents can exempt PLN 85,529 of earnings a year for 4 years after moving in.

Under-26 exemption

Employment income up to PLN 85,528 a year is completely tax-free before your 26th birthday.

Entrepreneur menu

Business owners choose: progressive 12/32%, flat 19%, or lump-sum rates of 3–17% on turnover.

Close-family inheritance exemption

Spouses, children, parents and siblings inherit tax-free with a simple 6-month notification.

IFICI — the tax incentive for scientific research and innovation

A 20% flat rate on qualifying Portuguese salary or self-employment income, plus a broad exemption on foreign income (pensions excluded), for 10 years. Open to qualifying new residents from 2024.

NHR (Non-Habitual Resident) — closed

The famous older regime shut to new entrants in 2024; people already in it keep their 10-year run.

Returning residents

Come back to Portugal after 5+ years away (arrivals through 2026) and half your salary or business income escapes tax, capped at €250,000 for 2024+ arrivals.

Under-35 relief

Young workers can shelter salary or business income on a 10-year ladder: 100% in year 1, then 75%, 50% and 25% in later stages, capped each year at 55× the social support index.

No wealth tax

Portugal charges no tax on what you own — only on what you earn or gain.

0% on employment and investments

Salaries, bonuses, pensions, dividends, bank interest and personal capital gains carry no Qatari tax and require no filing.

Business at 10%

Carry on a profession, trade or other profit-making activity in Qatar and the profits are taxed at 10% under the same rules as companies.

Nationals fully exempt

Qatari and other Gulf Cooperation Council nationals resident in Qatar pay no income tax even on business income.

No estate taxes

No inheritance tax, no gift tax, no wealth tax — succession planning is a legal question, not a tax one.

Flat 10% tax

Salaries, business profits, rents and interest all share a single 10% rate — the lowest flat tax in the European Union.

Broker-withheld share gains

Securities traded through Romanian intermediaries are taxed at source at just 3% (held 365+ days) or 6% — no filing needed.

No inheritance or gift tax

Estates pass tax-free; only property probated late pays a 1% transfer charge.

Heavy social contributions

Employees pay 25% pension plus 10% health on gross pay — the flat tax's expensive counterpart.

0% on employment and investments

Salaries, bonuses, dividends, interest and personal capital gains carry no Saudi tax and require no filing — for any nationality.

Business: 20% or Zakat

Non-Saudi individuals in business pay 20% income tax under company rules; Saudi and Gulf nationals pay Zakat at 2.5% of the Zakat base instead.

No estate taxes

No inheritance tax, no gift tax, no wealth tax — 0% on anything passing at death or by gift.

Property has its own taxes

Transfers carry a 5% real estate transaction tax (first Saudi-national home exempt to SAR 1 million), and undeveloped urban land faces an annual 2.5-10% white-land levy.

No capital gains tax

Investment gains — shares, property, crypto — are simply not taxed, unless you're effectively trading as a business.

One-tier dividends

Dividends from Singapore-resident companies arrive completely tax-free in your hands.

Foreign income exemption

Foreign income you bring into Singapore is generally exempt for resident individuals.

No estate duty

Singapore abolished inheritance tax years ago — nothing is charged on death or gifts.

7% dividends

Dividends from post-2024 profits cost residents just 7% — among the lowest rates in the European Union.

1-year share exemption

Gains on listed securities held over a year are tax-free; long-term investment accounts go tax-free after 15 years.

Crypto — no special regime

Crypto gains are other income plus a 15% health charge; the famous 7% long-hold rate was repealed before it ever took effect.

No inheritance or gift tax

Both were abolished in 2004 — estates and gifts pass completely tax-free.

15-year taper to zero

Capital gains fall from 25% to 20% (5 years), 15% (10 years) and 0% after 15 years of holding.

Individual Investment Account (new March 2026)

Market income accumulates untaxed inside the account; payouts bear just 15%, and nothing after 15 years.

New-resident allowance

Under-40s moving in for a job paying twice the average salary deduct an extra 7% of their pay.

Family inheritance exemption

Spouses and all direct descendants inherit and receive gifts completely tax-free.

Foreign employment income exemption

The first ZAR 1.25 million of salary earned abroad is exempt if you spend more than 183 days outside South Africa in 12 months, including 60 in a row.

Tax-free investment account

Put in up to ZAR 46,000 a year and all interest, dividends and gains inside the account stay untaxed.

Two-pot retirement system

Since 1 September 2024 retirement contributions split one third into an accessible savings pot and two thirds into a locked retirement pot.

Listed shares tax-free

Minority investors pay 0% on gains from Korea Exchange shares — only 1%+ / KRW 5 billion 'large shareholders' are taxed.

Crypto tax deferred

Taxation of virtual-asset gains has been postponed again — nothing is due before 2027.

Foreign employee flat 19%

Expat employees can elect a flat 19% (20.9% with local tax) for 20 years if they start work by end-2026.

Remittance basis for newcomers

Foreign residents in Korea 5 years or less (of the past 10) pay tax on foreign income only when remitted.

Beckham regime (special regime for inbound workers)

Move to Spain for work and pay a flat 24% on Spanish employment income up to €600,000 (47% above), with most foreign income left untaxed, for the arrival year plus 5 more.

Digital-nomad gateway

Since 2023 the Beckham election is open to remote employees, qualifying entrepreneurs and highly skilled startup staff — plus a spouse and children under 25 who move with them.

Wealth tax + solidarity tax

Net assets are taxed on a 0.2%–3.5% scale after a €700,000 general exemption (plus €300,000 for your home); a state solidarity tax on fortunes above €3 million backstops regions that rebate their own wealth tax.

Foreign-workdays exemption

Salary earned working abroad for a foreign business can be exempt up to €60,100 a year if a comparable income tax exists there.

Regional patchwork

The 17 autonomous regions set half the income tax scale and much of wealth and inheritance taxation — the same income can face meaningfully different bills in Madrid, Valencia or Catalonia.

Expert tax relief

Foreign key staff earning over SEK 88,800 a month pay tax on only 77.5% of income for up to 7 years — no social contributions on the exempt slice either.

Investment savings account (ISK)

Shares and funds inside an ISK are never taxed on gains — just a small annual deemed charge, and from 2026 the first SEK 300,000 is entirely tax-free.

No inheritance, gift or wealth tax

All three were abolished (inheritance/gift in 2005) — estates of any size pass tax-free.

22% effective home-sale rate

Only 22/30 of a home-sale gain is taxable at 30% — an effective 22% — with deferral available when buying a replacement home.

The 10-year departure rule

Sell Swedish company shares within 10 years of leaving and Sweden can still tax the gain — treaties often shorten the reach.

Tax-free private capital gains

Individuals pay 0% on gains from privately held shares, bonds, funds and crypto — one of the few countries where buy-and-hold investing is simply untaxed.

Lump-sum taxation (expenditure-based)

Wealthy foreigners who don't work in Switzerland can negotiate tax on living expenses instead of income — the federal minimum base is CHF 435,000 (2026) (or 7× your rent, if higher).

Canton shopping

Zug's top all-in income tax sits near 22%, Geneva's near 45% — same country, same salary. Wealth and inheritance taxes swing just as widely.

Expat cost deductions

Seconded managers and specialists can deduct housing, moving and school costs, or take a flat CHF 1,500 a month.

Cantonal wealth tax

Every canton taxes net wealth — typically around 0.1%–1% at the top after allowances — the price of the 0% capital gains rate.

Remittance basis

Residents pay tax on foreign income only when it is brought into Thailand — leave it offshore and nothing is due.

Crypto tax holiday

Gains on crypto sold through Thai-licensed exchanges, brokers or dealers are exempt from 1 January 2025 to 31 December 2029.

Listed shares exempt

Gains on shares listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand and on mutual-fund units are tax-free for individuals.

Long-term resident (LTR) visa

Wealthy global citizens, wealthy pensioners and work-from-Thailand professionals on the LTR visa keep the old rule: prior-year foreign earnings can be remitted tax-free.

Returning Thai professionals: 17% flat

Thai nationals moving back for qualifying jobs pay a flat 17% on employment income, for hires from 25 March 2025 through 2029.

Minimum-wage exemption

Since 2022, a slice of every salary equal to the minimum wage escapes income tax — TRY 33,030 a month gross in 2026.

Holding periods beat tax

Property gains are exempt after 5 years, Istanbul-quoted shares after 1 year, and unquoted resident-company shares after 2 years.

Half of dividends exempt

50% of gross dividends are tax-free and the 15% withholding credits in full — small shareholders usually owe nothing more.

Foreign-employer salaries exempt

Pay from a non-resident employer in foreign currency, funded from foreign earnings, carries no Turkish income tax — foreign pensions are exempt too.

Young entrepreneur relief

First-time business owners under 29 pay nothing on their first TRY 400,000 of income for 3 years.

New-resident foreign-income exemption (Law 7582)

Qualifying newcomers — no Turkish domicile or tax liability in the prior 3 years — get a 20-year exemption on foreign-source income and gains, applying from 2026 income.

0% on everything personal

Salaries, bonuses, rent received, dividends, interest, capital gains, crypto, inheritances, wealth: none of it is taxed at the personal level.

Business turnover line

Run a business or freelance at above AED 1 million turnover a year and the 9% corporate tax (0% on the first AED 375,000 of taxable income) regime can apply to those profits — employment and personal investing never count.

Tax residency certificate

Formal UAE tax residency (183 days, or 90 days with ties, or your principal home there) is obtainable and matters mostly for treaty claims back home.

Pensions for nationals only

Emiratis contribute 5% or 11% of salary to the state pension depending on when they joined; expatriates contribute nothing and receive an end-of-service gratuity instead.

FIG — the foreign income and gains regime

Arrive after 10 years away and your foreign income and gains are exempt from UK tax for your first 4 years of residence. Replaced the non-dom remittance basis from April 2025.

Overseas workday relief

New arrivals can shelter pay for overseas workdays for 4 years, capped at the lower of £300,000 or 30% of net employment income.

Individual Savings Account (ISA) wrapper

Up to £20,000 a year into Individual Savings Accounts — all dividends, interest and gains inside are tax-free for good.

Scotland sets its own bands

Scottish residents face different income tax bands (19% starter up to a 48% top rate) on earnings — dividends and savings follow UK-wide rates.

Citizenship-based taxation

US citizens and green-card holders file US returns for life, wherever they live — leaving the system means formal expatriation, with an exit tax on unrealised gains above $910,000 for the wealthy.

Foreign earned income exclusion

Americans working abroad can exclude $132,900 of 2026 salary from US tax (plus a housing amount), or credit foreign taxes instead.

Preferential investment rates

Qualified dividends and long-term gains are taxed at 0%, 15% or 20% instead of ordinary rates — plus a 3.8% investment surtax at higher incomes.

$15 million estate exclusion

From 2026 each person can pass $15 million free of the 40% federal estate tax — $30 million per couple with portability — and heirs get a full step-up in asset basis.

Temporary-visa foreign investors

Non-residents pay no US tax on most capital gains (real estate excepted), no tax on bank interest, and enjoy the 0% portfolio-interest rule on bonds.

Territorial base

Work income is taxed only when Uruguayan-source — but from 2026 foreign capital income and gains pay 12% (Law 20.446), with exceptions and the new-resident holiday.

11-year tax holiday

New residents from 2026 can pay nothing on foreign investment income for 11 years — automatic for 183-day residents, or via investments of 12.5 million indexed units in property.

Flat capital rates

Capital gains, rents and royalties pay a flat 12%; dividends from locally taxed profits just 7%, and listed-company dividends 0%.

No inheritance or gift tax

Estates pass free of death duties — only a 3% property-transfer tax touches real estate going to children or parents.

Mild wealth tax

Residents pay 0.1% on Uruguayan assets above a threshold of about UYU 6.65 million — government bonds excluded.

Bank interest tax-free

Interest on deposits with credit institutions, government bonds and life-insurance policies is fully exempt — 0%.

Flat transaction taxes

Selling costs a fixed slice of the price: 0.1% on securities, 0.1% on digital assets and gold bars, 2% on real estate — no gain calculation.

Digital-talent exemptions

High-quality digital-industry personnel get a 5-year income tax exemption, and pay for science, technology and innovation work is exempt too.

Startup incentives

Income of founders, individual investors and venture-fund backers of innovative startup projects is exempt.

Family transfers exempt

Real estate inherited from or gifted by spouses, parents, children, grandparents, in-laws or siblings passes at 0%.